Bioprinting is a 3D fabrication technology that enables the precise dispensing of cell-laden biomaterials to construct complex 3D functional tissues or artificial organs. While still in its early stages, bioprinting has shown potential in regenerative medicine for generating transplantable tissues such as skin, cartilage, and bone. However, current bioprinting approaches face technical challenges in achieving high-resolution cell deposition, controlled cell distribution, vascularization, and innervation within complex 3D tissues. Despite these challenges, bioprinting remains a versatile and on-demand fabrication technique that could address the growing organ shortage and provide a high-throughput method for cell patterning at the micrometer scale for biomedical applications. This review introduces the basic principles, materials, integration strategies, and applications of bioprinting. It discusses recent developments, current challenges, and future prospects of 3D bioprinting for engineering complex tissues. Combined with recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell technologies, 3D-bioprinted tissue models could serve as an enabling platform for high-throughput predictive drug screening and more effective regenerative therapies. Bioprinting techniques include inkjet, laser-assisted, and extrusion bioprinting, each with specific strengths, weaknesses, and limitations. Inkjet printing is cost-effective and allows high cell viability but struggles with high viscosity materials and cell density. Laser-assisted printing avoids direct contact with bioinks and can print viscous materials but is expensive and complex. Extrusion printing is versatile and can handle a wide range of materials but exposes cells to higher mechanical stress. Other techniques, such as stereolithography, offer high resolution and printing speed but require further development. Bioprinting requires careful design of printing paths, selection of appropriate bioinks, and control of the bioprinter to ensure quality. Bioinks typically consist of hydrogel pre-polymer solutions and cells, with hydrogels playing a crucial role in providing structural support and determining the chemical and physical properties of bioinks. The mechanical properties of hydrogels are essential for supporting cell proliferation and differentiation, while biocompatibility and controllability of by-products and degradation are also important. Cells used in bioprinting must be selected based on their ability to mimic in vivo physiological states and maintain or develop their functions under optimized microenvironments. Stem cells and progenitor cells are promising sources for bioprinting due to their ability to proliferate and differentiate into desired cell types. Bioprinting has applications in various tissue types, including vessels, bone and cartilage, and neuronal tissues. It also holds promise in the design of drug screening systems and organ-on-a-chip technology. Despite current limitations, bioprinting remains a promising technology with the potential to address the growing organ shortage and advance biomedical engineering. Future developments in bioprinting may include the use of more biomimetic materials, improved vascularBioprinting is a 3D fabrication technology that enables the precise dispensing of cell-laden biomaterials to construct complex 3D functional tissues or artificial organs. While still in its early stages, bioprinting has shown potential in regenerative medicine for generating transplantable tissues such as skin, cartilage, and bone. However, current bioprinting approaches face technical challenges in achieving high-resolution cell deposition, controlled cell distribution, vascularization, and innervation within complex 3D tissues. Despite these challenges, bioprinting remains a versatile and on-demand fabrication technique that could address the growing organ shortage and provide a high-throughput method for cell patterning at the micrometer scale for biomedical applications. This review introduces the basic principles, materials, integration strategies, and applications of bioprinting. It discusses recent developments, current challenges, and future prospects of 3D bioprinting for engineering complex tissues. Combined with recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell technologies, 3D-bioprinted tissue models could serve as an enabling platform for high-throughput predictive drug screening and more effective regenerative therapies. Bioprinting techniques include inkjet, laser-assisted, and extrusion bioprinting, each with specific strengths, weaknesses, and limitations. Inkjet printing is cost-effective and allows high cell viability but struggles with high viscosity materials and cell density. Laser-assisted printing avoids direct contact with bioinks and can print viscous materials but is expensive and complex. Extrusion printing is versatile and can handle a wide range of materials but exposes cells to higher mechanical stress. Other techniques, such as stereolithography, offer high resolution and printing speed but require further development. Bioprinting requires careful design of printing paths, selection of appropriate bioinks, and control of the bioprinter to ensure quality. Bioinks typically consist of hydrogel pre-polymer solutions and cells, with hydrogels playing a crucial role in providing structural support and determining the chemical and physical properties of bioinks. The mechanical properties of hydrogels are essential for supporting cell proliferation and differentiation, while biocompatibility and controllability of by-products and degradation are also important. Cells used in bioprinting must be selected based on their ability to mimic in vivo physiological states and maintain or develop their functions under optimized microenvironments. Stem cells and progenitor cells are promising sources for bioprinting due to their ability to proliferate and differentiate into desired cell types. Bioprinting has applications in various tissue types, including vessels, bone and cartilage, and neuronal tissues. It also holds promise in the design of drug screening systems and organ-on-a-chip technology. Despite current limitations, bioprinting remains a promising technology with the potential to address the growing organ shortage and advance biomedical engineering. Future developments in bioprinting may include the use of more biomimetic materials, improved vascular