A chemical strategy is introduced to enhance the wettability of molten lithium, enabling the production of ultrathin lithium anodes for high-energy-density batteries. By reacting molten lithium with functional organic coatings or elemental additives, the wettability is improved, allowing the formation of ultrathin lithium layers (10–20 μm) with excellent electrochemical performance. The key factors governing wettability are the Gibbs formation energy and newly formed chemical bonds. This strategy offers an affordable method for large-scale production of ultrathin lithium and can be extended to other alkali metals like sodium and potassium. The improved wettability is achieved through various organic coatings and elemental additives, which form new chemical bonds with molten lithium, enhancing its ability to spread on lithiophobic substrates. The study also explores the electrochemical performance of ultrathin lithium anodes, demonstrating their potential in next-generation high-energy batteries. The results highlight the importance of controlling wettability to improve the performance and stability of lithium metal batteries. The findings provide a comprehensive guide for tuning the wettability of molten lithium and offer a practical approach for the development of high-performance lithium metal batteries.A chemical strategy is introduced to enhance the wettability of molten lithium, enabling the production of ultrathin lithium anodes for high-energy-density batteries. By reacting molten lithium with functional organic coatings or elemental additives, the wettability is improved, allowing the formation of ultrathin lithium layers (10–20 μm) with excellent electrochemical performance. The key factors governing wettability are the Gibbs formation energy and newly formed chemical bonds. This strategy offers an affordable method for large-scale production of ultrathin lithium and can be extended to other alkali metals like sodium and potassium. The improved wettability is achieved through various organic coatings and elemental additives, which form new chemical bonds with molten lithium, enhancing its ability to spread on lithiophobic substrates. The study also explores the electrochemical performance of ultrathin lithium anodes, demonstrating their potential in next-generation high-energy batteries. The results highlight the importance of controlling wettability to improve the performance and stability of lithium metal batteries. The findings provide a comprehensive guide for tuning the wettability of molten lithium and offer a practical approach for the development of high-performance lithium metal batteries.