This article reviews the medical applications of 3D printing based on imaging data, focusing on its use in surgical planning, prosthetics, and related fields. The authors discuss the process from image acquisition to 3D printing, highlighting the advantages and limitations of this technology. Key steps include: 1. **Image Acquisition**: High-resolution images from CT or MRI are crucial for generating accurate 3D models. MDCT is preferred due to simpler post-processing compared to MRI. 2. **Image Post-processing**: Post-processing tools and algorithms are used to create multiplanar reformation and 3D views of the anatomy. Advanced algorithms can handle low-resolution or non-enhanced images. 3. **3D Printing**: The final step involves using 3D printing to produce graspable 3D objects from the processed data. Techniques such as Stereolithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), and Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) are discussed, each with its own advantages and limitations. The article concludes that while rapid prototyping has significant potential in medical applications, it faces challenges such as cost, complexity, and the need for specialized equipment and consumables. Despite these limitations, the technology shows promise for specialized surgical planning and prosthetics, with potential for further development in medical education and research.This article reviews the medical applications of 3D printing based on imaging data, focusing on its use in surgical planning, prosthetics, and related fields. The authors discuss the process from image acquisition to 3D printing, highlighting the advantages and limitations of this technology. Key steps include: 1. **Image Acquisition**: High-resolution images from CT or MRI are crucial for generating accurate 3D models. MDCT is preferred due to simpler post-processing compared to MRI. 2. **Image Post-processing**: Post-processing tools and algorithms are used to create multiplanar reformation and 3D views of the anatomy. Advanced algorithms can handle low-resolution or non-enhanced images. 3. **3D Printing**: The final step involves using 3D printing to produce graspable 3D objects from the processed data. Techniques such as Stereolithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), and Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) are discussed, each with its own advantages and limitations. The article concludes that while rapid prototyping has significant potential in medical applications, it faces challenges such as cost, complexity, and the need for specialized equipment and consumables. Despite these limitations, the technology shows promise for specialized surgical planning and prosthetics, with potential for further development in medical education and research.