This review article explores the emerging field of 4D bioprinting, which integrates time as the fourth dimension to create dynamic structures that can change their shape, properties, or functionality over time in response to external stimuli. The authors discuss the development of 4D printing technology, highlighting its potential in engineering dynamic tissues and organs. They outline two primary approaches: shape morphing and functional transformation, and detail various bioprinting technologies such as micro extrusion-based bioprinting (MEB), inkjet bioprinting, stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and laser-assisted bioprinting (LAB). The article also reviews smart biomaterials like shape memory polymers (SMPs) and shape morphing hydrogels (SMHs), and their applications in 4D bioprinting. Despite the progress, challenges remain, including cell viability, material compatibility, and the complexity of the process. The authors conclude by discussing future perspectives and the potential of 4D bioprinting in advanced tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug screening.This review article explores the emerging field of 4D bioprinting, which integrates time as the fourth dimension to create dynamic structures that can change their shape, properties, or functionality over time in response to external stimuli. The authors discuss the development of 4D printing technology, highlighting its potential in engineering dynamic tissues and organs. They outline two primary approaches: shape morphing and functional transformation, and detail various bioprinting technologies such as micro extrusion-based bioprinting (MEB), inkjet bioprinting, stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and laser-assisted bioprinting (LAB). The article also reviews smart biomaterials like shape memory polymers (SMPs) and shape morphing hydrogels (SMHs), and their applications in 4D bioprinting. Despite the progress, challenges remain, including cell viability, material compatibility, and the complexity of the process. The authors conclude by discussing future perspectives and the potential of 4D bioprinting in advanced tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug screening.