The article reviews the advancements in four-dimensional (4D) printing technology for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). 4D printing, an extension of 3D printing, introduces time as the fourth dimension, allowing printed structures to transform into new, stable states upon the application of stimuli. The review covers various printing methods, including stereolithography (SLA), extrusion bioprinting, and fused deposition modeling (FDM), and discusses shape-shifting mechanisms such as shape-memory and differential swelling. It highlights the use of synthetic materials like polylactic acid (PLA), poly(glycerol dodecanoate) acrylate (PGDA), and polyurethanes for shape-memory applications, and alginate, hyaluronan, and gelatin combinations for differential swelling. The article also explores the challenges and future research directions in 4D printing, emphasizing the potential for combining multiple stimuli and computational-assisted strategies to enhance the technology's capabilities in fabricating complex, patient-specific constructs.The article reviews the advancements in four-dimensional (4D) printing technology for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). 4D printing, an extension of 3D printing, introduces time as the fourth dimension, allowing printed structures to transform into new, stable states upon the application of stimuli. The review covers various printing methods, including stereolithography (SLA), extrusion bioprinting, and fused deposition modeling (FDM), and discusses shape-shifting mechanisms such as shape-memory and differential swelling. It highlights the use of synthetic materials like polylactic acid (PLA), poly(glycerol dodecanoate) acrylate (PGDA), and polyurethanes for shape-memory applications, and alginate, hyaluronan, and gelatin combinations for differential swelling. The article also explores the challenges and future research directions in 4D printing, emphasizing the potential for combining multiple stimuli and computational-assisted strategies to enhance the technology's capabilities in fabricating complex, patient-specific constructs.