This study examines the use of AI in English language teaching and learning (ELTL) through a systematic review, addressing the gaps in existing literature. The review identifies 42 studies from 2014 to 2023, focusing on the geographical locations, educational levels, educational affordances, and challenges of AI in ELTL. The findings reveal that the majority of studies are conducted in Asia, with a significant increase in publications over the past decade. Higher education is the primary setting for these studies, followed by adult learners. AI is used for speaking, writing, and reading skills, with a focus on pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. Pedagogical methods include conversational partners, language coaching, and multimodal systems. AI also supports self-regulation and reduces anxiety. However, challenges such as technology breakdowns, limited capabilities, fear of using AI, and standardizing language are prevalent. The study provides practical implications for educators, policymakers, and researchers, highlighting the need for evidence-based integration of AI in ELTL.This study examines the use of AI in English language teaching and learning (ELTL) through a systematic review, addressing the gaps in existing literature. The review identifies 42 studies from 2014 to 2023, focusing on the geographical locations, educational levels, educational affordances, and challenges of AI in ELTL. The findings reveal that the majority of studies are conducted in Asia, with a significant increase in publications over the past decade. Higher education is the primary setting for these studies, followed by adult learners. AI is used for speaking, writing, and reading skills, with a focus on pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. Pedagogical methods include conversational partners, language coaching, and multimodal systems. AI also supports self-regulation and reduces anxiety. However, challenges such as technology breakdowns, limited capabilities, fear of using AI, and standardizing language are prevalent. The study provides practical implications for educators, policymakers, and researchers, highlighting the need for evidence-based integration of AI in ELTL.