This review discusses the application of 3D printing technology in the production of bone repair scaffolds. Bone defects, caused by tumors, injuries, or infections, are challenging to treat, and traditional methods like bone grafting have limitations. Bone tissue engineering scaffolds offer a promising solution by providing a structure for new bone growth. These scaffolds must have biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and mechanical strength similar to natural bone. 3D printing allows for the creation of complex, customizable scaffolds, which can be classified into single-component and composite types. Single-component scaffolds include metallic, ceramic, and polymer materials, each with unique properties. Metallic scaffolds like titanium and cobalt-chromium alloys offer high strength but may have issues with degradation. Ceramic scaffolds such as hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate provide good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity but may lack sufficient mechanical strength. Polymer scaffolds, including polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), are biodegradable and biocompatible but may have limited mechanical properties. Composite scaffolds combine different materials to enhance mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and osteoinductive properties. For example, PMMA and β-TCP composites offer good mechanical strength and biocompatibility. The review highlights the advantages and challenges of various 3D printing technologies, such as selective laser sintering (SLS), stereolithography (SLA), and fused deposition modeling (FDM), and discusses the post-processing steps required to achieve the desired scaffold properties. The study emphasizes the importance of optimizing scaffold design, material selection, and printing parameters to enhance bone regeneration and repair. Future research should focus on improving the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and osteoinductive capabilities of 3D-printed scaffolds for effective bone repair.This review discusses the application of 3D printing technology in the production of bone repair scaffolds. Bone defects, caused by tumors, injuries, or infections, are challenging to treat, and traditional methods like bone grafting have limitations. Bone tissue engineering scaffolds offer a promising solution by providing a structure for new bone growth. These scaffolds must have biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and mechanical strength similar to natural bone. 3D printing allows for the creation of complex, customizable scaffolds, which can be classified into single-component and composite types. Single-component scaffolds include metallic, ceramic, and polymer materials, each with unique properties. Metallic scaffolds like titanium and cobalt-chromium alloys offer high strength but may have issues with degradation. Ceramic scaffolds such as hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate provide good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity but may lack sufficient mechanical strength. Polymer scaffolds, including polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), are biodegradable and biocompatible but may have limited mechanical properties. Composite scaffolds combine different materials to enhance mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and osteoinductive properties. For example, PMMA and β-TCP composites offer good mechanical strength and biocompatibility. The review highlights the advantages and challenges of various 3D printing technologies, such as selective laser sintering (SLS), stereolithography (SLA), and fused deposition modeling (FDM), and discusses the post-processing steps required to achieve the desired scaffold properties. The study emphasizes the importance of optimizing scaffold design, material selection, and printing parameters to enhance bone regeneration and repair. Future research should focus on improving the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and osteoinductive capabilities of 3D-printed scaffolds for effective bone repair.