Isothiocyanates, derived from glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables, exhibit diverse bioactivities including anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties. This review focuses on *Moringa* isothiocyanates, particularly 4-[(α-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl] isothiocyanate (MIC), and compares them with well-studied isothiocyanates like sulforaphane (SFN) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC). The study highlights the structural differences and their impact on efficacy, emphasizing the role of Nrf2 activation in mediating these effects. PEITC, SFN, and MIC have been shown to activate Nrf2, leading to the induction of antioxidant and cytoprotective enzymes. These compounds also exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, contributing to their health benefits. However, their anticancer activities vary, with SFN and PEITC showing more pronounced effects. The review underscores the importance of further research to understand the nuanced effects of these compounds and their potential in therapeutic applications.Isothiocyanates, derived from glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables, exhibit diverse bioactivities including anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties. This review focuses on *Moringa* isothiocyanates, particularly 4-[(α-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl] isothiocyanate (MIC), and compares them with well-studied isothiocyanates like sulforaphane (SFN) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC). The study highlights the structural differences and their impact on efficacy, emphasizing the role of Nrf2 activation in mediating these effects. PEITC, SFN, and MIC have been shown to activate Nrf2, leading to the induction of antioxidant and cytoprotective enzymes. These compounds also exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, contributing to their health benefits. However, their anticancer activities vary, with SFN and PEITC showing more pronounced effects. The review underscores the importance of further research to understand the nuanced effects of these compounds and their potential in therapeutic applications.