A comprehensive review of Parkinson's disease (PD) addresses its molecular, clinical, and therapeutic aspects. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting over 6 million people globally, with a complex etiology involving genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. Clinical symptoms include motor and non-motor features, with motor symptoms being the classic presentation. Therapeutic approaches encompass pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and surgical interventions. Traditional pharmacological treatments include levodopa, MAO inhibitors, and dopamine agonists, while emerging therapies explore antidiabetic agents and gene therapy. Non-pharmacological treatments, such as exercise and vitamin D supplementation, aim to slow disease progression. Surgery, particularly deep brain stimulation (DBS), is used for refractory symptoms, with DBS targeting the subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus. Levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel infusion (LCIG) improves "on" time and reduces "off" time by delivering medication directly to the jejunum. Other surgical options include thalamotomy and pallidotomy. Gene therapy and stem cell research are promising but face challenges in clinical translation. Continuous infusion methods, including subcutaneous and LCIG, offer stable drug delivery but are associated with adverse effects. The review emphasizes the need for further research to optimize treatment and provide suitable alternatives for PD patients.A comprehensive review of Parkinson's disease (PD) addresses its molecular, clinical, and therapeutic aspects. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting over 6 million people globally, with a complex etiology involving genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. Clinical symptoms include motor and non-motor features, with motor symptoms being the classic presentation. Therapeutic approaches encompass pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and surgical interventions. Traditional pharmacological treatments include levodopa, MAO inhibitors, and dopamine agonists, while emerging therapies explore antidiabetic agents and gene therapy. Non-pharmacological treatments, such as exercise and vitamin D supplementation, aim to slow disease progression. Surgery, particularly deep brain stimulation (DBS), is used for refractory symptoms, with DBS targeting the subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus. Levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel infusion (LCIG) improves "on" time and reduces "off" time by delivering medication directly to the jejunum. Other surgical options include thalamotomy and pallidotomy. Gene therapy and stem cell research are promising but face challenges in clinical translation. Continuous infusion methods, including subcutaneous and LCIG, offer stable drug delivery but are associated with adverse effects. The review emphasizes the need for further research to optimize treatment and provide suitable alternatives for PD patients.