This review provides a comprehensive overview of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composite materials, focusing on their development, properties, and applications. EMI shielding is crucial for ensuring the proper functioning of electronic devices by preventing electromagnetic waves from interfering with their operation. The review discusses various types of fillers used in composite materials, including organic, inorganic, and hybrid fillers, and their impact on shielding effectiveness. Organic fillers such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and carbon black are highlighted for their conductivity and ability to enhance EMI shielding performance. Inorganic fillers like metal powders and metal oxides are also discussed for their high conductivity and magnetic permeability. Hybrid fillers combine the advantages of both organic and inorganic materials, offering improved shielding properties. The review also covers the fabrication techniques used to create EMI shielding composites, such as solution blending, melt blending, and in situ polymerization. Additionally, the review discusses the factors influencing EMI shielding effectiveness, including the type, size, and concentration of fillers, as well as the matrix material. The study emphasizes the importance of optimizing these parameters to achieve high shielding effectiveness while maintaining the mechanical and thermal stability of the composite materials. The review concludes with a discussion on the potential of biochar as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional carbon-based fillers for EMI shielding applications.This review provides a comprehensive overview of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composite materials, focusing on their development, properties, and applications. EMI shielding is crucial for ensuring the proper functioning of electronic devices by preventing electromagnetic waves from interfering with their operation. The review discusses various types of fillers used in composite materials, including organic, inorganic, and hybrid fillers, and their impact on shielding effectiveness. Organic fillers such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and carbon black are highlighted for their conductivity and ability to enhance EMI shielding performance. Inorganic fillers like metal powders and metal oxides are also discussed for their high conductivity and magnetic permeability. Hybrid fillers combine the advantages of both organic and inorganic materials, offering improved shielding properties. The review also covers the fabrication techniques used to create EMI shielding composites, such as solution blending, melt blending, and in situ polymerization. Additionally, the review discusses the factors influencing EMI shielding effectiveness, including the type, size, and concentration of fillers, as well as the matrix material. The study emphasizes the importance of optimizing these parameters to achieve high shielding effectiveness while maintaining the mechanical and thermal stability of the composite materials. The review concludes with a discussion on the potential of biochar as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional carbon-based fillers for EMI shielding applications.