Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interconnected physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and all-cause mortality. Key components include insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, genetic susceptibility, elevated blood pressure, hypercoagulable state, and chronic stress. Chronic inflammation, characterized by the production of abnormal adipocytokines, is a central feature of MetS. Lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise, are the primary intervention, while pharmacological treatment is considered for those who do not adequately respond to lifestyle changes. The review covers the definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment approaches for each risk factor of MetS, emphasizing the importance of early identification and management to reduce the risk of subsequent diseases.Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interconnected physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and all-cause mortality. Key components include insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, genetic susceptibility, elevated blood pressure, hypercoagulable state, and chronic stress. Chronic inflammation, characterized by the production of abnormal adipocytokines, is a central feature of MetS. Lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise, are the primary intervention, while pharmacological treatment is considered for those who do not adequately respond to lifestyle changes. The review covers the definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment approaches for each risk factor of MetS, emphasizing the importance of early identification and management to reduce the risk of subsequent diseases.