Ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has been increasingly recognized in the context of various kidney diseases. This review explores the latest research on ferroptosis and its role in acute kidney disease (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), polycystic kidney disease (PKD), diabetic nephropathy (DN), lupus nephritis (LN), and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Key regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, including iron metabolism, cysteine metabolism, GPX4 inactivation, PUFA synthesis, and signaling pathways involving Nrf2, p53, and heat shock proteins, are discussed. The involvement of ferroptosis in AKI, CKD, DN, PKD, LN, and ccRCC is detailed, highlighting the potential therapeutic targets and strategies. Natural compounds, small-molecule inhibitors, and inducers are explored as promising approaches to target ferroptosis in kidney diseases. The review underscores the need for further research to optimize therapeutic interventions and understand the complex interplay between ferroptosis and other cell death modes in kidney diseases.Ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has been increasingly recognized in the context of various kidney diseases. This review explores the latest research on ferroptosis and its role in acute kidney disease (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), polycystic kidney disease (PKD), diabetic nephropathy (DN), lupus nephritis (LN), and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Key regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, including iron metabolism, cysteine metabolism, GPX4 inactivation, PUFA synthesis, and signaling pathways involving Nrf2, p53, and heat shock proteins, are discussed. The involvement of ferroptosis in AKI, CKD, DN, PKD, LN, and ccRCC is detailed, highlighting the potential therapeutic targets and strategies. Natural compounds, small-molecule inhibitors, and inducers are explored as promising approaches to target ferroptosis in kidney diseases. The review underscores the need for further research to optimize therapeutic interventions and understand the complex interplay between ferroptosis and other cell death modes in kidney diseases.