A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome was published in Science, revealing that Neandertals, the closest relatives of modern humans, shared genetic variants with non-African present-day humans more than with Africans, suggesting Neandertal gene flow into non-African human ancestors. The genome sequence, derived from three Neandertal individuals, identified genomic regions potentially affected by positive selection in modern humans, including genes involved in metabolism, cognition, and skeletal development. Neandertals are the sister group of modern humans, and their genome sequence provides insights into changes fixed in modern humans over the last few hundred thousand years. The study found that Neandertals interbred with modern humans, as evidenced by genetic differences between Neandertal and modern human genomes. However, contamination of Neandertal DNA with modern human DNA was estimated to be less than 1%. The Neandertal genome sequence revealed that Neandertals are more closely related to non-Africans than to Africans, indicating gene flow from Neandertals to non-African human ancestors. The Neandertal genome sequence also showed that Neandertals share more derived alleles with non-Africans than with Africans, suggesting that Neandertal DNA was introgressed into non-African populations. The study identified regions of the genome where Neandertal DNA is more closely related to non-African populations, indicating that Neandertal DNA was introgressed into non-African populations. The Neandertal genome sequence also revealed that Neandertals share more derived alleles with non-Africans than with Africans, suggesting that Neandertal DNA was introgressed into non-African populations. The study found that Neandertal DNA is more closely related to non-African populations than to African populations, indicating that Neandertal DNA was introgressed into non-African populations. The Neandertal genome sequence also revealed that Neandertals share more derived alleles with non-Africans than with Africans, suggesting that Neandertal DNA was introgressed into non-African populations.A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome was published in Science, revealing that Neandertals, the closest relatives of modern humans, shared genetic variants with non-African present-day humans more than with Africans, suggesting Neandertal gene flow into non-African human ancestors. The genome sequence, derived from three Neandertal individuals, identified genomic regions potentially affected by positive selection in modern humans, including genes involved in metabolism, cognition, and skeletal development. Neandertals are the sister group of modern humans, and their genome sequence provides insights into changes fixed in modern humans over the last few hundred thousand years. The study found that Neandertals interbred with modern humans, as evidenced by genetic differences between Neandertal and modern human genomes. However, contamination of Neandertal DNA with modern human DNA was estimated to be less than 1%. The Neandertal genome sequence revealed that Neandertals are more closely related to non-Africans than to Africans, indicating gene flow from Neandertals to non-African human ancestors. The Neandertal genome sequence also showed that Neandertals share more derived alleles with non-Africans than with Africans, suggesting that Neandertal DNA was introgressed into non-African populations. The study identified regions of the genome where Neandertal DNA is more closely related to non-African populations, indicating that Neandertal DNA was introgressed into non-African populations. The Neandertal genome sequence also revealed that Neandertals share more derived alleles with non-Africans than with Africans, suggesting that Neandertal DNA was introgressed into non-African populations. The study found that Neandertal DNA is more closely related to non-African populations than to African populations, indicating that Neandertal DNA was introgressed into non-African populations. The Neandertal genome sequence also revealed that Neandertals share more derived alleles with non-Africans than with Africans, suggesting that Neandertal DNA was introgressed into non-African populations.