This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of empirical studies on philanthropy, identifying eight key mechanisms that drive charitable giving. The authors, René Bekkers and Pamala Wiepking, conducted an extensive search across various disciplines, including economics, sociology, social psychology, and marketing, to identify the most important forces influencing charitable donations. The eight mechanisms are: (1) awareness of need, (2) solicitation, (3) costs and benefits, (4) altruism, (5) reputation, (6) psychological benefits, (7) values, and (8) efficacy. Each mechanism is explained in detail, with references to empirical studies from different disciplines. The review aims to provide a theoretical framework for future research on charitable giving and to guide both scholars and practitioners in understanding and enhancing fundraising effectiveness.This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of empirical studies on philanthropy, identifying eight key mechanisms that drive charitable giving. The authors, René Bekkers and Pamala Wiepking, conducted an extensive search across various disciplines, including economics, sociology, social psychology, and marketing, to identify the most important forces influencing charitable donations. The eight mechanisms are: (1) awareness of need, (2) solicitation, (3) costs and benefits, (4) altruism, (5) reputation, (6) psychological benefits, (7) values, and (8) efficacy. Each mechanism is explained in detail, with references to empirical studies from different disciplines. The review aims to provide a theoretical framework for future research on charitable giving and to guide both scholars and practitioners in understanding and enhancing fundraising effectiveness.