This review paper examines smart water management systems (SWMS) in Africa and the United States, focusing on their development, implementation, and impacts. It explores the theoretical frameworks, technological innovations, and policy frameworks that underpin these systems. The paper discusses the role of IoT, AI, and remote sensing in enhancing water efficiency, monitoring, and treatment. It also assesses the environmental, social, and economic impacts of SWMS, highlighting benefits such as water conservation, improved access to clean water, and efficiency gains. Challenges in implementation, including technical, financial, and regulatory obstacles, are critically analyzed. Future directions for SWMS emphasize scalability, adaptation, and the importance of cross-sectoral and international collaboration. The paper concludes by emphasizing the necessity of integrating technology, policy, and community engagement in SWMS efforts and calls for further research and collaboration to harness the full potential of these systems in addressing global water challenges. Keywords: Smart Water Management, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Sustainable Development, Policy Frameworks, Water Conservation.This review paper examines smart water management systems (SWMS) in Africa and the United States, focusing on their development, implementation, and impacts. It explores the theoretical frameworks, technological innovations, and policy frameworks that underpin these systems. The paper discusses the role of IoT, AI, and remote sensing in enhancing water efficiency, monitoring, and treatment. It also assesses the environmental, social, and economic impacts of SWMS, highlighting benefits such as water conservation, improved access to clean water, and efficiency gains. Challenges in implementation, including technical, financial, and regulatory obstacles, are critically analyzed. Future directions for SWMS emphasize scalability, adaptation, and the importance of cross-sectoral and international collaboration. The paper concludes by emphasizing the necessity of integrating technology, policy, and community engagement in SWMS efforts and calls for further research and collaboration to harness the full potential of these systems in addressing global water challenges. Keywords: Smart Water Management, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Sustainable Development, Policy Frameworks, Water Conservation.