This review paper examines smart water management systems (SWMS) in Africa and the United States, focusing on their development, implementation, and impacts. It explores the theoretical frameworks underpinning these systems, including cyber-physical systems, sustainable development principles, and systems theory. The paper discusses technological innovations such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and remote sensing, and their role in enhancing water efficiency, monitoring, and treatment. Policy and regulatory frameworks supporting or hindering these advancements are also analyzed, along with the environmental, social, and economic impacts of SWMS. Challenges in implementation, including technical, financial, and regulatory obstacles, are critically examined. Future directions emphasize scalability, adaptation, and cross-sectoral and international collaboration. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of integrating technology, policy, and community engagement to fully realize the benefits of smart water management systems in addressing global water challenges.This review paper examines smart water management systems (SWMS) in Africa and the United States, focusing on their development, implementation, and impacts. It explores the theoretical frameworks underpinning these systems, including cyber-physical systems, sustainable development principles, and systems theory. The paper discusses technological innovations such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and remote sensing, and their role in enhancing water efficiency, monitoring, and treatment. Policy and regulatory frameworks supporting or hindering these advancements are also analyzed, along with the environmental, social, and economic impacts of SWMS. Challenges in implementation, including technical, financial, and regulatory obstacles, are critically examined. Future directions emphasize scalability, adaptation, and cross-sectoral and international collaboration. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of integrating technology, policy, and community engagement to fully realize the benefits of smart water management systems in addressing global water challenges.