The review provides an overview of current and emerging treatments for malignant melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Standard treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Combining these modalities often yields better outcomes. Surgery is suitable for localized cases, while radiation therapy may be used as a standalone treatment or post-surgery. Systemic chemotherapy has low response rates but is used in combination therapies or when other methods fail. The development of resistance and side effects has led to further research in novel approaches. Targeted therapies, including inhibitors targeting BRAF, MEK, c-KIT, and NRAS, show promise, especially in patients with corresponding mutations. Combination therapies, such as BRAF and MEK inhibitors, improve progression-free survival but are associated with resistance and toxicities. Immunotherapies, leveraging tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CAR T cells, enhance immune responses. Lifitecucel, an FDA-approved tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, has shown improved response rates in advanced-stage melanoma. Ongoing trials explore CAR T-cell therapy and checkpoint inhibitors like CTLA-4 and PD-1. Emerging IL-2 therapies boost dendritic cells, and oncolytic virus therapy, approved for advanced melanoma, enhances treatment efficacy. Despite advancements, challenges remain, including resistance, toxicities, and variability in immunotherapy responses. Ongoing research focuses on identifying predictors of immunotherapy success and strategies to enhance efficacy. The review highlights the current landscape and recent advances in melanoma treatment, emphasizing the need for personalized and multidisciplinary approaches to improve patient outcomes.The review provides an overview of current and emerging treatments for malignant melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Standard treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Combining these modalities often yields better outcomes. Surgery is suitable for localized cases, while radiation therapy may be used as a standalone treatment or post-surgery. Systemic chemotherapy has low response rates but is used in combination therapies or when other methods fail. The development of resistance and side effects has led to further research in novel approaches. Targeted therapies, including inhibitors targeting BRAF, MEK, c-KIT, and NRAS, show promise, especially in patients with corresponding mutations. Combination therapies, such as BRAF and MEK inhibitors, improve progression-free survival but are associated with resistance and toxicities. Immunotherapies, leveraging tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CAR T cells, enhance immune responses. Lifitecucel, an FDA-approved tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, has shown improved response rates in advanced-stage melanoma. Ongoing trials explore CAR T-cell therapy and checkpoint inhibitors like CTLA-4 and PD-1. Emerging IL-2 therapies boost dendritic cells, and oncolytic virus therapy, approved for advanced melanoma, enhances treatment efficacy. Despite advancements, challenges remain, including resistance, toxicities, and variability in immunotherapy responses. Ongoing research focuses on identifying predictors of immunotherapy success and strategies to enhance efficacy. The review highlights the current landscape and recent advances in melanoma treatment, emphasizing the need for personalized and multidisciplinary approaches to improve patient outcomes.