This review paper by Sana Basheer, Xiuan Wang, Aftazaz A. Farooque, Rana Ali Nawaz, Tianze Pang, and Emmanuel Okine Neokye focuses on the drivers and quantification methods of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural soils, as well as mitigation practices. The authors highlight the significant role of agricultural soils in both emitting and absorbing GHGs, particularly nitrous oxide (N₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and methane (CH₄). They emphasize the importance of accurate measurements, drivers, and mitigation strategies due to the significant potential storage and emission capacities of agricultural soils. The paper discusses various factors influencing GHG emissions, including land use/land cover change, nutrient availability, humidity, temperature, soil pH, fertilizers, and organic amendments. It also reviews measurement techniques such as chamber systems, eddy covariance methods, and remote sensing approaches. The authors advocate for sustainable agricultural practices, such as bio-resource management, nutrient management, cropping system management, tillage management, irrigation and drainage management, and manure management, to reduce GHG emissions and enhance soil carbon sequestration. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for comprehensive assessments that integrate location-specific data, regional data acquisition, reporting, and satellite information to effectively manage GHG emissions from agricultural soils. It highlights the importance of balancing ecological objectives with the practical needs of agriculture to achieve sustainable and climate-resilient practices.This review paper by Sana Basheer, Xiuan Wang, Aftazaz A. Farooque, Rana Ali Nawaz, Tianze Pang, and Emmanuel Okine Neokye focuses on the drivers and quantification methods of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural soils, as well as mitigation practices. The authors highlight the significant role of agricultural soils in both emitting and absorbing GHGs, particularly nitrous oxide (N₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and methane (CH₄). They emphasize the importance of accurate measurements, drivers, and mitigation strategies due to the significant potential storage and emission capacities of agricultural soils. The paper discusses various factors influencing GHG emissions, including land use/land cover change, nutrient availability, humidity, temperature, soil pH, fertilizers, and organic amendments. It also reviews measurement techniques such as chamber systems, eddy covariance methods, and remote sensing approaches. The authors advocate for sustainable agricultural practices, such as bio-resource management, nutrient management, cropping system management, tillage management, irrigation and drainage management, and manure management, to reduce GHG emissions and enhance soil carbon sequestration. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for comprehensive assessments that integrate location-specific data, regional data acquisition, reporting, and satellite information to effectively manage GHG emissions from agricultural soils. It highlights the importance of balancing ecological objectives with the practical needs of agriculture to achieve sustainable and climate-resilient practices.