This review provides an overview of in situ leaching (ISL) for uranium mining, highlighting its environmental benefits, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional methods like open-pit and underground mining. ISL is particularly effective for extracting uranium from low-grade sandstone-hosted deposits, which were previously economically unviable. The review systematically classifies and analyzes various ISL techniques, including acid leaching, alkaline leaching, neutral leaching, and bioleaching, discussing their principles, suitability, technological advancements, and practical applications. It identifies challenges faced by ISL and proposes future improvement strategies, emphasizing the need for systematic summaries of sub-techniques and their recent advancements. The review discusses the formation of uranium deposits and the characteristics of traditional mining methods. ISL is well-suited for uranium deposits within aquifers with favorable permeability, involving the injection of leaching solutions into the deposit to dissolve uranium, which is then extracted and processed. The review highlights the advantages of ISL, including reduced surface disruption, lower environmental impact, and enhanced recovery rates of valuable minerals. The review details the fundamental principles of ISL techniques, including acid leaching, which uses strong acids to dissolve uranium, and alkaline leaching, which employs alkaline solutions. Neutral leaching, a recent development, uses bicarbonate ions to complex with uranium, forming soluble uranyl ions. Bioleaching, a more environmentally sustainable method, utilizes microorganisms to oxidize uranium, making it suitable for deposits with high pyrite and sulfide content. Technological innovations in ISL include permeability modification techniques, such as blasting-enhanced permeability (BEP), which improves the permeability of low-permeability uranium deposits. Additionally, reactive transport models (RTMs) are used to predict fluid flow and geochemical reactions in uranium deposits, enhancing the accuracy of predictions and optimizing mining operations. Information technology is also integrated to improve the efficiency and sustainability of ISL, providing comprehensive data for decision-making and management. The review concludes that ISL is a promising technique for sustainable uranium mining, offering environmental benefits and economic advantages. It emphasizes the importance of continued research and technological advancements to address challenges and enhance the effectiveness of ISL in uranium mining.This review provides an overview of in situ leaching (ISL) for uranium mining, highlighting its environmental benefits, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional methods like open-pit and underground mining. ISL is particularly effective for extracting uranium from low-grade sandstone-hosted deposits, which were previously economically unviable. The review systematically classifies and analyzes various ISL techniques, including acid leaching, alkaline leaching, neutral leaching, and bioleaching, discussing their principles, suitability, technological advancements, and practical applications. It identifies challenges faced by ISL and proposes future improvement strategies, emphasizing the need for systematic summaries of sub-techniques and their recent advancements. The review discusses the formation of uranium deposits and the characteristics of traditional mining methods. ISL is well-suited for uranium deposits within aquifers with favorable permeability, involving the injection of leaching solutions into the deposit to dissolve uranium, which is then extracted and processed. The review highlights the advantages of ISL, including reduced surface disruption, lower environmental impact, and enhanced recovery rates of valuable minerals. The review details the fundamental principles of ISL techniques, including acid leaching, which uses strong acids to dissolve uranium, and alkaline leaching, which employs alkaline solutions. Neutral leaching, a recent development, uses bicarbonate ions to complex with uranium, forming soluble uranyl ions. Bioleaching, a more environmentally sustainable method, utilizes microorganisms to oxidize uranium, making it suitable for deposits with high pyrite and sulfide content. Technological innovations in ISL include permeability modification techniques, such as blasting-enhanced permeability (BEP), which improves the permeability of low-permeability uranium deposits. Additionally, reactive transport models (RTMs) are used to predict fluid flow and geochemical reactions in uranium deposits, enhancing the accuracy of predictions and optimizing mining operations. Information technology is also integrated to improve the efficiency and sustainability of ISL, providing comprehensive data for decision-making and management. The review concludes that ISL is a promising technique for sustainable uranium mining, offering environmental benefits and economic advantages. It emphasizes the importance of continued research and technological advancements to address challenges and enhance the effectiveness of ISL in uranium mining.