In Situ Leaching (ISL) has emerged as a promising and environmentally friendly method for uranium mining, offering advantages such as efficient extraction, cost-effectiveness, and minimal environmental impact. As the global demand for clean energy increases, ISL has gained significant attention due to its ability to extract uranium from previously economically unviable low-grade sandstone-hosted deposits. This review systematically examines the principles, techniques, and applications of ISL, highlighting its role in sustainable uranium mining. The article discusses various ISL sub-techniques, including acid leaching, alkaline leaching, neutral leaching, and bioleaching, each with distinct mechanisms and applications. Acid leaching is effective for uranium in the +6 oxidation state, while alkaline leaching is suitable for deposits with high carbonate content. Neutral leaching, which uses bicarbonate ions, is gaining traction due to its lower environmental impact. Bioleaching, utilizing microorganisms, is considered a more sustainable option, particularly for deposits rich in pyrite and sulfides. The review also addresses technological innovations, such as blasting-enhanced permeability (BEP) to improve permeability in low-permeability deposits and reactive transport models (RTMs) for predicting fluid flow and geochemical reactions. Additionally, the integration of information technology, including advanced software systems, is enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of ISL operations. The article concludes that ISL is a critical technology for the future of uranium mining, supporting the transition to clean energy while minimizing environmental impact.In Situ Leaching (ISL) has emerged as a promising and environmentally friendly method for uranium mining, offering advantages such as efficient extraction, cost-effectiveness, and minimal environmental impact. As the global demand for clean energy increases, ISL has gained significant attention due to its ability to extract uranium from previously economically unviable low-grade sandstone-hosted deposits. This review systematically examines the principles, techniques, and applications of ISL, highlighting its role in sustainable uranium mining. The article discusses various ISL sub-techniques, including acid leaching, alkaline leaching, neutral leaching, and bioleaching, each with distinct mechanisms and applications. Acid leaching is effective for uranium in the +6 oxidation state, while alkaline leaching is suitable for deposits with high carbonate content. Neutral leaching, which uses bicarbonate ions, is gaining traction due to its lower environmental impact. Bioleaching, utilizing microorganisms, is considered a more sustainable option, particularly for deposits rich in pyrite and sulfides. The review also addresses technological innovations, such as blasting-enhanced permeability (BEP) to improve permeability in low-permeability deposits and reactive transport models (RTMs) for predicting fluid flow and geochemical reactions. Additionally, the integration of information technology, including advanced software systems, is enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of ISL operations. The article concludes that ISL is a critical technology for the future of uranium mining, supporting the transition to clean energy while minimizing environmental impact.