This review provides a comprehensive overview of methods to modify the wettability of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces, focusing on traditional techniques due to their availability, lower complexity, and cost. Four main technologies are discussed: oxygen plasma treatment, surfactant addition, UV-ozone treatment, and the incorporation of nanomaterials. Oxygen plasma treatment introduces polar functional groups through oxidation reactions, enhancing hydrophilicity. Surfactant addition, such as surfactants like Tween 20 and Silwet L-77, alters surface properties by altering the concentration and type of surfactants. UV-ozone treatment increases surface energy and induces oxidation, generating hydrophilic functional groups. The incorporation of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles and nanotubes, provides adjustable surface properties through controlled dispersion and interfacial interactions. The review highlights the underlying mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of each method, along with recent advances and future prospects. The importance of tailoring wettability for applications in microfluidics and biomedical devices is emphasized.This review provides a comprehensive overview of methods to modify the wettability of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces, focusing on traditional techniques due to their availability, lower complexity, and cost. Four main technologies are discussed: oxygen plasma treatment, surfactant addition, UV-ozone treatment, and the incorporation of nanomaterials. Oxygen plasma treatment introduces polar functional groups through oxidation reactions, enhancing hydrophilicity. Surfactant addition, such as surfactants like Tween 20 and Silwet L-77, alters surface properties by altering the concentration and type of surfactants. UV-ozone treatment increases surface energy and induces oxidation, generating hydrophilic functional groups. The incorporation of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles and nanotubes, provides adjustable surface properties through controlled dispersion and interfacial interactions. The review highlights the underlying mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of each method, along with recent advances and future prospects. The importance of tailoring wettability for applications in microfluidics and biomedical devices is emphasized.