This review discusses methods to modify the wettability of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and their applications. PDMS is widely used in micro/nano applications due to its excellent properties, but its inherent hydrophobicity limits its use in applications requiring controlled wettability. The review covers four main methods: oxygen plasma treatment, surfactant addition, UV-ozone treatment, and nanomaterial incorporation. These methods are chosen due to their availability, lower complexity, and cost. Oxygen plasma treatment introduces polar functional groups, such as silanol groups, which increase the hydrophilicity of PDMS. However, the surface can recover its hydrophobicity over time. UV-ozone treatment also increases surface energy and introduces hydrophilic functional groups, but its effectiveness is influenced by factors like oxygen flow rate and treatment time. Surfactant addition provides a versatile method to alter wettability, with the choice and concentration of surfactants playing a key role. Nanomaterial incorporation allows for tailored surface properties through controlled dispersion and interfacial interactions, enhancing wetting behavior and surface energy. The review highlights the advantages and limitations of each method, as well as recent advances and future prospects for PDMS surface modification. It emphasizes the importance of tailoring wettability for applications ranging from microfluidics to biomedical devices. Traditional methods are often preferred due to their availability and lower complexity. The study also discusses the impact of surface roughness, additives, and molecular surface changes on contact angle and wettability. The results show that surface modification can significantly enhance the hydrophilicity of PDMS, with some methods providing long-term stability. The review concludes that further research is needed to optimize surfactant selection and understand the detailed binding mechanisms for specific applications.This review discusses methods to modify the wettability of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and their applications. PDMS is widely used in micro/nano applications due to its excellent properties, but its inherent hydrophobicity limits its use in applications requiring controlled wettability. The review covers four main methods: oxygen plasma treatment, surfactant addition, UV-ozone treatment, and nanomaterial incorporation. These methods are chosen due to their availability, lower complexity, and cost. Oxygen plasma treatment introduces polar functional groups, such as silanol groups, which increase the hydrophilicity of PDMS. However, the surface can recover its hydrophobicity over time. UV-ozone treatment also increases surface energy and introduces hydrophilic functional groups, but its effectiveness is influenced by factors like oxygen flow rate and treatment time. Surfactant addition provides a versatile method to alter wettability, with the choice and concentration of surfactants playing a key role. Nanomaterial incorporation allows for tailored surface properties through controlled dispersion and interfacial interactions, enhancing wetting behavior and surface energy. The review highlights the advantages and limitations of each method, as well as recent advances and future prospects for PDMS surface modification. It emphasizes the importance of tailoring wettability for applications ranging from microfluidics to biomedical devices. Traditional methods are often preferred due to their availability and lower complexity. The study also discusses the impact of surface roughness, additives, and molecular surface changes on contact angle and wettability. The results show that surface modification can significantly enhance the hydrophilicity of PDMS, with some methods providing long-term stability. The review concludes that further research is needed to optimize surfactant selection and understand the detailed binding mechanisms for specific applications.