This review provides a comprehensive analysis of uncertainties in power systems, focusing on modeling, impact, and mitigation strategies. It highlights the challenges posed by uncertainties arising from weather events, cyber-attacks, and asset management, and explores various approaches to address these issues. The paper discusses the evolution of power systems, emphasizing the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and the challenges they introduce, such as intermittency and variability. It also addresses the impact of extreme weather events, such as wildfires and heavy rainfall, on power infrastructure and the need for resilient systems. The review covers the role of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and the risks associated with cyber-attacks on power systems. It emphasizes the importance of robust and scenario-based operations, control technologies for microgrids (MGs) and energy storage systems (ESSs), and demand-side frequency control ancillary services (D-FCAS) for frequency regulation. The paper also explores the trade-offs between reliability, computational speed, and economic efficiency in mitigation strategies. It discusses the need for data-driven and probabilistic approaches to model uncertainties and the importance of adaptive strategies to ensure the resilience of power systems in the face of climate change and environmental concerns. The review concludes with a discussion of the limitations and future directions of mitigation strategies, emphasizing the need for continued research and development in this area.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of uncertainties in power systems, focusing on modeling, impact, and mitigation strategies. It highlights the challenges posed by uncertainties arising from weather events, cyber-attacks, and asset management, and explores various approaches to address these issues. The paper discusses the evolution of power systems, emphasizing the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and the challenges they introduce, such as intermittency and variability. It also addresses the impact of extreme weather events, such as wildfires and heavy rainfall, on power infrastructure and the need for resilient systems. The review covers the role of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and the risks associated with cyber-attacks on power systems. It emphasizes the importance of robust and scenario-based operations, control technologies for microgrids (MGs) and energy storage systems (ESSs), and demand-side frequency control ancillary services (D-FCAS) for frequency regulation. The paper also explores the trade-offs between reliability, computational speed, and economic efficiency in mitigation strategies. It discusses the need for data-driven and probabilistic approaches to model uncertainties and the importance of adaptive strategies to ensure the resilience of power systems in the face of climate change and environmental concerns. The review concludes with a discussion of the limitations and future directions of mitigation strategies, emphasizing the need for continued research and development in this area.