Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown great potential in various medical applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensing, and photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT). This review summarizes the current state of research on CNTs in the medical field, highlighting their versatility, biocompatibility, and potential for integration with other materials. CNTs are available in two forms: single-walled (SWCNT) and multi-walled (MWCNT), with MWCNTs being more commonly used for drug delivery due to their photothermal properties. Functionalization of CNTs enhances their biocompatibility and enables interactions with biological molecules, improving their solubility and stability in biological environments. CNTs have been explored for tissue engineering, where they can act as biosensors due to their electronic and optical properties, and for drug delivery, where they can carry and release therapeutic agents. In tissue engineering, CNTs have been used to promote cardiac and bone tissue regeneration, with studies showing improved cell growth, differentiation, and tissue repair. CNTs have also been used as biosensors for detecting various biomarkers, including cancer-related proteins and pathogens, with high sensitivity and specificity. In photothermal and photodynamic therapies, CNTs have been used to target and destroy cancer cells, with studies showing their effectiveness in reducing tumor size and improving survival rates. CNTs have also been explored for their potential in gene therapy, where they can deliver genetic material to target cells. Despite their promising applications, challenges remain, including the need for standardized studies on the biocompatibility and toxicity of CNTs. Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of CNTs in the body and to optimize their use in medical applications. Overall, CNTs represent a promising nanomaterial with significant potential in the medical field, but their safe and effective use requires continued research and development.Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown great potential in various medical applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensing, and photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT). This review summarizes the current state of research on CNTs in the medical field, highlighting their versatility, biocompatibility, and potential for integration with other materials. CNTs are available in two forms: single-walled (SWCNT) and multi-walled (MWCNT), with MWCNTs being more commonly used for drug delivery due to their photothermal properties. Functionalization of CNTs enhances their biocompatibility and enables interactions with biological molecules, improving their solubility and stability in biological environments. CNTs have been explored for tissue engineering, where they can act as biosensors due to their electronic and optical properties, and for drug delivery, where they can carry and release therapeutic agents. In tissue engineering, CNTs have been used to promote cardiac and bone tissue regeneration, with studies showing improved cell growth, differentiation, and tissue repair. CNTs have also been used as biosensors for detecting various biomarkers, including cancer-related proteins and pathogens, with high sensitivity and specificity. In photothermal and photodynamic therapies, CNTs have been used to target and destroy cancer cells, with studies showing their effectiveness in reducing tumor size and improving survival rates. CNTs have also been explored for their potential in gene therapy, where they can deliver genetic material to target cells. Despite their promising applications, challenges remain, including the need for standardized studies on the biocompatibility and toxicity of CNTs. Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of CNTs in the body and to optimize their use in medical applications. Overall, CNTs represent a promising nanomaterial with significant potential in the medical field, but their safe and effective use requires continued research and development.