This review article provides a comprehensive overview of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. Natural fibers, due to their eco-friendly and sustainable nature, have gained significant attention in the field of composite materials. The properties of NFPCs vary based on the type and source of the natural fibers, as well as their structure. Chemical treatments are commonly applied to improve the mechanical, thermal, and other properties of NFPCs. However, challenges such as higher water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties limit their widespread use. The article highlights the impact of chemical treatments on various properties of NFPCs, including water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption, flame retardancy, and biodegradability. Applications of NFPCs in the automobile and construction industries are also discussed, emphasizing the potential of these composites in reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainability. The conclusion emphasizes the benefits of NFPCs and the potential for further improvement through chemical treatments and surface modifications.This review article provides a comprehensive overview of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. Natural fibers, due to their eco-friendly and sustainable nature, have gained significant attention in the field of composite materials. The properties of NFPCs vary based on the type and source of the natural fibers, as well as their structure. Chemical treatments are commonly applied to improve the mechanical, thermal, and other properties of NFPCs. However, challenges such as higher water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties limit their widespread use. The article highlights the impact of chemical treatments on various properties of NFPCs, including water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption, flame retardancy, and biodegradability. Applications of NFPCs in the automobile and construction industries are also discussed, emphasizing the potential of these composites in reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainability. The conclusion emphasizes the benefits of NFPCs and the potential for further improvement through chemical treatments and surface modifications.