Polymer nanofibers have emerged as a promising material for biomedical applications, particularly in tissue engineering and drug delivery. These fibers, with diameters on the order of 100 nm, offer enhanced surface areas and functionalization capabilities compared to microfibers. Electrospinning is a widely used method for producing these nanofibers, leveraging electrostatic forces to create continuous fibers from various polymers. The review covers the latest advancements in polymer nanofiber processing, characterization, and applications, including scaffolds for tissue engineering, protective equipment, composite reinforcement, and sensors. Key challenges and future developments in electrospinning technology are discussed, highlighting the potential for industrial-scale production. The review also explores the unique properties of nanofibers, such as high porosity, mechanical strength, and tunable surface characteristics, which make them suitable for applications like wound healing, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. Despite the advantages, challenges such as cost, productivity, and environmental concerns remain, necessitating further research and optimization. Overall, the electrospinning of polymer nanofibers holds significant promise for advancing biomedical technologies and improving patient outcomes.Polymer nanofibers have emerged as a promising material for biomedical applications, particularly in tissue engineering and drug delivery. These fibers, with diameters on the order of 100 nm, offer enhanced surface areas and functionalization capabilities compared to microfibers. Electrospinning is a widely used method for producing these nanofibers, leveraging electrostatic forces to create continuous fibers from various polymers. The review covers the latest advancements in polymer nanofiber processing, characterization, and applications, including scaffolds for tissue engineering, protective equipment, composite reinforcement, and sensors. Key challenges and future developments in electrospinning technology are discussed, highlighting the potential for industrial-scale production. The review also explores the unique properties of nanofibers, such as high porosity, mechanical strength, and tunable surface characteristics, which make them suitable for applications like wound healing, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. Despite the advantages, challenges such as cost, productivity, and environmental concerns remain, necessitating further research and optimization. Overall, the electrospinning of polymer nanofibers holds significant promise for advancing biomedical technologies and improving patient outcomes.