This review discusses the electrospinning of polymer nanofibers and their biomedical applications. Polymer nanofibers, with diameters on the nanometer scale, offer a large surface area, making them suitable for various applications such as filters, scaffolds, protective equipment, and sensors. Electrospinning is a versatile method for producing continuous nanofibers, and it has significant potential for industrial manufacturing. The review covers various fabrication techniques, including template synthesis, phase separation, drawing, self-assembly, and electrospinning, and discusses their advantages and challenges. It also explores the biomedical applications of polymer nanofibers, such as tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, wound healing, medical implants, and biosensors. The review highlights the importance of surface modification to enhance the properties of nanofibers for specific applications. The advantages of polymer nanofibers include their high surface area, mechanical strength, and tunable properties, while the disadvantages include the use of organic solvents and the high cost of production. The review concludes that electrospinning of polymer nanofibers has transformative potential in biomedical applications and holds promise for future developments in various industries.This review discusses the electrospinning of polymer nanofibers and their biomedical applications. Polymer nanofibers, with diameters on the nanometer scale, offer a large surface area, making them suitable for various applications such as filters, scaffolds, protective equipment, and sensors. Electrospinning is a versatile method for producing continuous nanofibers, and it has significant potential for industrial manufacturing. The review covers various fabrication techniques, including template synthesis, phase separation, drawing, self-assembly, and electrospinning, and discusses their advantages and challenges. It also explores the biomedical applications of polymer nanofibers, such as tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, wound healing, medical implants, and biosensors. The review highlights the importance of surface modification to enhance the properties of nanofibers for specific applications. The advantages of polymer nanofibers include their high surface area, mechanical strength, and tunable properties, while the disadvantages include the use of organic solvents and the high cost of production. The review concludes that electrospinning of polymer nanofibers has transformative potential in biomedical applications and holds promise for future developments in various industries.