A SOCIAL EQUILIBRIUM EXISTENCE THEOREM

A SOCIAL EQUILIBRIUM EXISTENCE THEOREM

August 1, 1952 | GERARD DEBREU
The given content presents two theorems related to the distribution of square-free integers and the existence of equilibrium points in social systems. The first theorem states that if $ y(x) $ tends to infinity as $ x \to \infty $, then the number of integers $ n \leq z $ such that the interval $ (n, n + y(n)) $ contains no square-free integer is $ o(z) $ as $ z \to \infty $. The second theorem shows that under certain conditions, the normal order of $ \sum_{x \leq n \leq x + y} \mu^2(n) $ is $ \frac{6}{\pi^2} y $. The content also discusses results related to intervals containing square-free numbers, comparing them with known results for all $ n $. It mentions that intervals of the form $ [x, x + k\sqrt{x}] $ always contain a square-free number for sufficiently large $ k $, and that this bound has been improved by Roth to $ [x, x + x^{3/a + \epsilon}] $. The second part of the content presents a theorem by Debreu on the existence of equilibrium points in social systems. It defines equilibrium as a situation where each agent's action is optimal given others' actions, and no agent has an incentive to change their action. The theorem uses topological concepts and fixed point theorems to prove the existence of such equilibria under certain conditions. It also discusses saddle points and their relation to equilibrium points, and provides historical context on related results in game theory and economics.The given content presents two theorems related to the distribution of square-free integers and the existence of equilibrium points in social systems. The first theorem states that if $ y(x) $ tends to infinity as $ x \to \infty $, then the number of integers $ n \leq z $ such that the interval $ (n, n + y(n)) $ contains no square-free integer is $ o(z) $ as $ z \to \infty $. The second theorem shows that under certain conditions, the normal order of $ \sum_{x \leq n \leq x + y} \mu^2(n) $ is $ \frac{6}{\pi^2} y $. The content also discusses results related to intervals containing square-free numbers, comparing them with known results for all $ n $. It mentions that intervals of the form $ [x, x + k\sqrt{x}] $ always contain a square-free number for sufficiently large $ k $, and that this bound has been improved by Roth to $ [x, x + x^{3/a + \epsilon}] $. The second part of the content presents a theorem by Debreu on the existence of equilibrium points in social systems. It defines equilibrium as a situation where each agent's action is optimal given others' actions, and no agent has an incentive to change their action. The theorem uses topological concepts and fixed point theorems to prove the existence of such equilibria under certain conditions. It also discusses saddle points and their relation to equilibrium points, and provides historical context on related results in game theory and economics.
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