This paper presents a comprehensive survey on Device-to-Device (D2D) communication in cellular networks. D2D communication was initially proposed to enhance network performance by enabling direct communication between mobile users without going through the Base Station (BS) or core network. It can occur on cellular spectrum (inband) or unlicensed spectrum (outband). D2D communication offers advantages such as increased spectral efficiency, reduced communication delay, and improved throughput, energy efficiency, and fairness. However, it introduces challenges in interference control and protocol design. The paper categorizes D2D communication into three types: underlay inband, overlay inband, and outband. Underlay inband D2D shares the same radio resources with cellular communications, while overlay inband D2D uses dedicated resources. Outband D2D uses unlicensed spectrum and is controlled by the BS or users. The paper reviews existing literature on these three types, highlighting key research contributions and open problems. For underlay inband D2D, the paper discusses techniques such as interference management, resource allocation, and mode selection to improve spectrum efficiency. It also covers power efficiency improvements through dynamic mode switching and heuristic algorithms. The paper also addresses performance with QoS and power constraints, showing that advanced techniques like stochastic optimization and nonlinear programming can significantly improve system performance. For overlay inband D2D, the paper discusses dedicated resource allocation for D2D communications, which reduces interference with cellular communications. It also covers relaying use cases, such as incremental relay schemes and multicast enhancements, which improve system throughput and reduce outage probability. The paper also discusses the role of 3GPP ProSe in enabling D2D communications and highlights the importance of standardization in this area. It concludes that D2D communication is a promising technology for future cellular networks, with significant potential for improving network performance, spectral efficiency, and user experience. However, further research is needed to address open problems such as interference management, protocol design, and resource allocation.This paper presents a comprehensive survey on Device-to-Device (D2D) communication in cellular networks. D2D communication was initially proposed to enhance network performance by enabling direct communication between mobile users without going through the Base Station (BS) or core network. It can occur on cellular spectrum (inband) or unlicensed spectrum (outband). D2D communication offers advantages such as increased spectral efficiency, reduced communication delay, and improved throughput, energy efficiency, and fairness. However, it introduces challenges in interference control and protocol design. The paper categorizes D2D communication into three types: underlay inband, overlay inband, and outband. Underlay inband D2D shares the same radio resources with cellular communications, while overlay inband D2D uses dedicated resources. Outband D2D uses unlicensed spectrum and is controlled by the BS or users. The paper reviews existing literature on these three types, highlighting key research contributions and open problems. For underlay inband D2D, the paper discusses techniques such as interference management, resource allocation, and mode selection to improve spectrum efficiency. It also covers power efficiency improvements through dynamic mode switching and heuristic algorithms. The paper also addresses performance with QoS and power constraints, showing that advanced techniques like stochastic optimization and nonlinear programming can significantly improve system performance. For overlay inband D2D, the paper discusses dedicated resource allocation for D2D communications, which reduces interference with cellular communications. It also covers relaying use cases, such as incremental relay schemes and multicast enhancements, which improve system throughput and reduce outage probability. The paper also discusses the role of 3GPP ProSe in enabling D2D communications and highlights the importance of standardization in this area. It concludes that D2D communication is a promising technology for future cellular networks, with significant potential for improving network performance, spectral efficiency, and user experience. However, further research is needed to address open problems such as interference management, protocol design, and resource allocation.