This paper provides a comprehensive survey of Visible Light Positioning (VLP) systems, which leverage Visible Light Communications (VLC) for indoor localization. The authors first introduce the principles of VLC, emphasizing its role in VLP. They then detail various VLP algorithms, comparing their performance in terms of accuracy, coverage, and orientation limitations. The paper also explores network design aspects, including multi-access technologies, resource allocation, and LED placement. Additionally, it reviews the applications of VLP in industries, shopping malls, and museums. Finally, the paper outlines open issues and future research directions, highlighting the need for integrating multiple positioning technologies and addressing practical challenges such as network design and LED placement. The survey aims to bridge the gap between state-of-the-art research and practical applications, providing a holistic overview of VLP.This paper provides a comprehensive survey of Visible Light Positioning (VLP) systems, which leverage Visible Light Communications (VLC) for indoor localization. The authors first introduce the principles of VLC, emphasizing its role in VLP. They then detail various VLP algorithms, comparing their performance in terms of accuracy, coverage, and orientation limitations. The paper also explores network design aspects, including multi-access technologies, resource allocation, and LED placement. Additionally, it reviews the applications of VLP in industries, shopping malls, and museums. Finally, the paper outlines open issues and future research directions, highlighting the need for integrating multiple positioning technologies and addressing practical challenges such as network design and LED placement. The survey aims to bridge the gap between state-of-the-art research and practical applications, providing a holistic overview of VLP.