A survey on satellite communication system security. Minjae Kang, Sungbin Park, and Yeonjoon Lee review the security challenges and countermeasures in satellite communication systems (SCSs). SCSs have rapidly evolved due to advancements in space launch technologies, but this growth has also introduced significant security vulnerabilities. Real-world attacks, such as AcidRain and AcidPour, highlight the need for robust security measures. The authors categorize attacks and defenses based on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, analyzing specific threats to SCSs. They evaluate existing countermeasures and discuss national security policies, emphasizing the strategic importance of satellite communications. The paper also presents future security challenges, including full quantum communication, AI-integrated SCSs, and standardized protocols for terrestrial-space communication. Existing surveys on SCS security are reviewed, revealing gaps in comprehensive understanding and lack of clear classification standards. The authors provide a systematic analysis of SCSs, including their environment, architecture, and security components. They discuss various attacks, such as eavesdropping, jamming, DoS/DDoS, and energy attacks, along with their impacts and countermeasures. The paper also addresses integrity threats, particularly spoofing, and the challenges of ASAT (anti-satellite) attacks. The authors conclude that future research should focus on enhancing security in SCSs, considering both technological and policy aspects.A survey on satellite communication system security. Minjae Kang, Sungbin Park, and Yeonjoon Lee review the security challenges and countermeasures in satellite communication systems (SCSs). SCSs have rapidly evolved due to advancements in space launch technologies, but this growth has also introduced significant security vulnerabilities. Real-world attacks, such as AcidRain and AcidPour, highlight the need for robust security measures. The authors categorize attacks and defenses based on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, analyzing specific threats to SCSs. They evaluate existing countermeasures and discuss national security policies, emphasizing the strategic importance of satellite communications. The paper also presents future security challenges, including full quantum communication, AI-integrated SCSs, and standardized protocols for terrestrial-space communication. Existing surveys on SCS security are reviewed, revealing gaps in comprehensive understanding and lack of clear classification standards. The authors provide a systematic analysis of SCSs, including their environment, architecture, and security components. They discuss various attacks, such as eavesdropping, jamming, DoS/DDoS, and energy attacks, along with their impacts and countermeasures. The paper also addresses integrity threats, particularly spoofing, and the challenges of ASAT (anti-satellite) attacks. The authors conclude that future research should focus on enhancing security in SCSs, considering both technological and policy aspects.