A. H. Maslow's "A Theory of Human Motivation" (1943) presents a comprehensive framework for understanding human motivation. The theory emphasizes the wholeness of the organism, rejecting physiological drives as central to motivation and instead focusing on ultimate or basic goals. Maslow's theory highlights the hierarchical nature of human needs, with physiological needs being the most basic and safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs being more advanced. He argues that these needs are not isolated but interrelated, and that the satisfaction of one need often leads to the emergence of another. Maslow discusses the importance of cultural paths to the same goal, the role of unconscious motivations, and the multiple determinants of behavior. He also addresses the concept of gratification, suggesting that the satisfaction of needs can release the organism from the dominance of more physiological needs, allowing for the emergence of higher goals. The theory is grounded in clinical experience and functionalist traditions, integrating elements from Gestalt psychology, Freudian and Adlerian theories. The article further explores specific needs such as physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization, and the conditions necessary for their satisfaction. It emphasizes the importance of freedom, justice, and fairness as preconditions for basic need satisfactions. Maslow also discusses the cognitive needs, such as curiosity and the desire to know and understand, which are closely related to the basic needs. The theory concludes by addressing the degree of fixity in the hierarchy of needs, the role of unconscious motivations, cultural specificity, and the multiple determinants of behavior. It emphasizes that not all behavior is motivated by basic needs and that expressive and coping behaviors have different functions. The theory centers on goals rather than instigating behaviors or motivated actions, and it starts with the human being rather than animals, rejecting naive behaviorism. Finally, it links motivation to psychopathogenesis, suggesting that conflicts or frustrations become pathogenic only when they threaten basic needs.A. H. Maslow's "A Theory of Human Motivation" (1943) presents a comprehensive framework for understanding human motivation. The theory emphasizes the wholeness of the organism, rejecting physiological drives as central to motivation and instead focusing on ultimate or basic goals. Maslow's theory highlights the hierarchical nature of human needs, with physiological needs being the most basic and safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs being more advanced. He argues that these needs are not isolated but interrelated, and that the satisfaction of one need often leads to the emergence of another. Maslow discusses the importance of cultural paths to the same goal, the role of unconscious motivations, and the multiple determinants of behavior. He also addresses the concept of gratification, suggesting that the satisfaction of needs can release the organism from the dominance of more physiological needs, allowing for the emergence of higher goals. The theory is grounded in clinical experience and functionalist traditions, integrating elements from Gestalt psychology, Freudian and Adlerian theories. The article further explores specific needs such as physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization, and the conditions necessary for their satisfaction. It emphasizes the importance of freedom, justice, and fairness as preconditions for basic need satisfactions. Maslow also discusses the cognitive needs, such as curiosity and the desire to know and understand, which are closely related to the basic needs. The theory concludes by addressing the degree of fixity in the hierarchy of needs, the role of unconscious motivations, cultural specificity, and the multiple determinants of behavior. It emphasizes that not all behavior is motivated by basic needs and that expressive and coping behaviors have different functions. The theory centers on goals rather than instigating behaviors or motivated actions, and it starts with the human being rather than animals, rejecting naive behaviorism. Finally, it links motivation to psychopathogenesis, suggesting that conflicts or frustrations become pathogenic only when they threaten basic needs.