The chapter by René von Schomberg explores the concept of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) from a European policy perspective. RRI is a strategy for stakeholders to become mutually responsive to each other and anticipate the outcomes of research and innovation that address "grand challenges" of the time. The author argues that RRI should be understood as a process where research and innovation processes become more responsive and adaptive to these challenges, involving broader foresight and impact assessments beyond market benefits and risks. The chapter contrasts modern innovations with mere technical inventions, using historical examples to illustrate the evolution of responsibility in technological development. It highlights the shift from centralized control to market-driven innovation, where the state's role is limited to defining risks and ensuring compliance, while market mechanisms drive innovation and innovation's economic exploitation. The author discusses the challenges of evaluating the benefits and risks of technologies within the legislative context, noting that current policies often lack a formal evaluation of positive impacts. He proposes a framework for RRI that includes a product dimension focusing on ethical acceptability, sustainability, and societal desirability, and a process dimension emphasizing a more responsive and adaptive management of the innovation process through multidisciplinary approaches, stakeholder involvement, and public engagement. The chapter concludes with a definition of RRI and a matrix of lead questions for stakeholders to address, aiming to ensure that research and innovation are conducted in a way that is socially robust and responsible.The chapter by René von Schomberg explores the concept of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) from a European policy perspective. RRI is a strategy for stakeholders to become mutually responsive to each other and anticipate the outcomes of research and innovation that address "grand challenges" of the time. The author argues that RRI should be understood as a process where research and innovation processes become more responsive and adaptive to these challenges, involving broader foresight and impact assessments beyond market benefits and risks. The chapter contrasts modern innovations with mere technical inventions, using historical examples to illustrate the evolution of responsibility in technological development. It highlights the shift from centralized control to market-driven innovation, where the state's role is limited to defining risks and ensuring compliance, while market mechanisms drive innovation and innovation's economic exploitation. The author discusses the challenges of evaluating the benefits and risks of technologies within the legislative context, noting that current policies often lack a formal evaluation of positive impacts. He proposes a framework for RRI that includes a product dimension focusing on ethical acceptability, sustainability, and societal desirability, and a process dimension emphasizing a more responsive and adaptive management of the innovation process through multidisciplinary approaches, stakeholder involvement, and public engagement. The chapter concludes with a definition of RRI and a matrix of lead questions for stakeholders to address, aiming to ensure that research and innovation are conducted in a way that is socially robust and responsible.