This review article examines the evolution and application of subsea navigation technologies in offshore engineering projects. It evaluates three primary technologies: acoustic positioning systems, inertial navigation systems (INS), and optical imaging systems. Each technology has unique capabilities and applications, contributing to the efficiency and safety of offshore operations. Acoustic positioning systems are known for their high accuracy and reliability, making them suitable for a wide range of offshore applications. INS provide continuous positioning data but may be prone to drift over time. Optical imaging systems offer high-resolution images for underwater surveying and mapping but may be limited in range and depth. The integration of multiple subsea navigation technologies can improve overall precision and reliability in offshore engineering projects. Advancements in sensor technology and signal processing algorithms can further enhance the accuracy and reliability of subsea navigation systems. The review also discusses challenges in subsea navigation, including signal interference, accuracy limitations, and real-time data processing. These challenges have been addressed through technological innovations such as improved sensor technologies and advanced data fusion algorithms. The practical application of subsea navigation technologies is explored in various offshore operations, including pipeline installation, subsea infrastructure construction, and underwater surveying. Case studies and industry practices illustrate the effectiveness of these technologies in improving precision, reducing costs, and mitigating risks in offshore operations. The review concludes with recommendations for future research and development to further improve the performance and reliability of subsea navigation systems in offshore operations. The integration of subsea navigation technologies with other offshore systems, such as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), is expected to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in offshore operations. Continued advancements in these technologies, along with collaborative efforts among industry stakeholders and research institutions, will further enhance their capabilities and contribute to the success of future offshore engineering projects.This review article examines the evolution and application of subsea navigation technologies in offshore engineering projects. It evaluates three primary technologies: acoustic positioning systems, inertial navigation systems (INS), and optical imaging systems. Each technology has unique capabilities and applications, contributing to the efficiency and safety of offshore operations. Acoustic positioning systems are known for their high accuracy and reliability, making them suitable for a wide range of offshore applications. INS provide continuous positioning data but may be prone to drift over time. Optical imaging systems offer high-resolution images for underwater surveying and mapping but may be limited in range and depth. The integration of multiple subsea navigation technologies can improve overall precision and reliability in offshore engineering projects. Advancements in sensor technology and signal processing algorithms can further enhance the accuracy and reliability of subsea navigation systems. The review also discusses challenges in subsea navigation, including signal interference, accuracy limitations, and real-time data processing. These challenges have been addressed through technological innovations such as improved sensor technologies and advanced data fusion algorithms. The practical application of subsea navigation technologies is explored in various offshore operations, including pipeline installation, subsea infrastructure construction, and underwater surveying. Case studies and industry practices illustrate the effectiveness of these technologies in improving precision, reducing costs, and mitigating risks in offshore operations. The review concludes with recommendations for future research and development to further improve the performance and reliability of subsea navigation systems in offshore operations. The integration of subsea navigation technologies with other offshore systems, such as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), is expected to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in offshore operations. Continued advancements in these technologies, along with collaborative efforts among industry stakeholders and research institutions, will further enhance their capabilities and contribute to the success of future offshore engineering projects.