This comparative review examines the evolution and application of subsea navigation technologies in offshore engineering projects, focusing on improving precision in offshore construction and surveying. The study evaluates various subsea navigation systems, including acoustic positioning systems, inertial navigation systems, and optical imaging systems, highlighting their capabilities and limitations. It traces the historical development of these technologies from early acoustic systems to modern integrated solutions, detailing their key components and operational principles. The review also discusses challenges such as signal interference, accuracy, and real-time data processing, and explores how these issues have been addressed through technological innovations. Practical applications of subsea navigation technologies in pipeline installation, subsea infrastructure maintenance, and underwater surveying are analyzed, supported by case studies and industry practices. The review concludes with recommendations for future research and development to enhance the performance and reliability of subsea navigation systems in offshore operations.This comparative review examines the evolution and application of subsea navigation technologies in offshore engineering projects, focusing on improving precision in offshore construction and surveying. The study evaluates various subsea navigation systems, including acoustic positioning systems, inertial navigation systems, and optical imaging systems, highlighting their capabilities and limitations. It traces the historical development of these technologies from early acoustic systems to modern integrated solutions, detailing their key components and operational principles. The review also discusses challenges such as signal interference, accuracy, and real-time data processing, and explores how these issues have been addressed through technological innovations. Practical applications of subsea navigation technologies in pipeline installation, subsea infrastructure maintenance, and underwater surveying are analyzed, supported by case studies and industry practices. The review concludes with recommendations for future research and development to enhance the performance and reliability of subsea navigation systems in offshore operations.