This paper compares several schemes designed to improve TCP performance over wireless links. It classifies these schemes into three categories: end-to-end protocols, link-layer protocols, and split-connection protocols. The study evaluates the performance of these protocols using end-to-end throughput and goodput as metrics in both LAN and WAN environments. The results show that a reliable, TCP-aware link-layer protocol provides very good performance. Additionally, it is possible to achieve good performance without splitting the end-to-end connection at the base station. Selective acknowledgments and explicit loss notifications result in significant performance improvements. The paper also demonstrates that split-connection protocols do not always provide better performance than TCP-aware link-layer protocols. The study concludes that end-to-end protocols, link-layer protocols, and split-connection protocols each have their own strengths and weaknesses in improving TCP performance over wireless links. The results suggest that a combination of techniques, including TCP-aware link-layer protocols and selective acknowledgments, can lead to significant improvements in TCP performance over wireless links.This paper compares several schemes designed to improve TCP performance over wireless links. It classifies these schemes into three categories: end-to-end protocols, link-layer protocols, and split-connection protocols. The study evaluates the performance of these protocols using end-to-end throughput and goodput as metrics in both LAN and WAN environments. The results show that a reliable, TCP-aware link-layer protocol provides very good performance. Additionally, it is possible to achieve good performance without splitting the end-to-end connection at the base station. Selective acknowledgments and explicit loss notifications result in significant performance improvements. The paper also demonstrates that split-connection protocols do not always provide better performance than TCP-aware link-layer protocols. The study concludes that end-to-end protocols, link-layer protocols, and split-connection protocols each have their own strengths and weaknesses in improving TCP performance over wireless links. The results suggest that a combination of techniques, including TCP-aware link-layer protocols and selective acknowledgments, can lead to significant improvements in TCP performance over wireless links.