The article by Paul L. Huang provides a comprehensive review of the metabolic syndrome, a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors including insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. These conditions are interconnected and share underlying mechanisms. The author discusses the current definitions of metabolic syndrome, highlighting the World Health Organization (WHO), European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR), National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), and International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) definitions. Each definition emphasizes different aspects, such as insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia, but they all aim to identify patients at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The NCEP ATP III definition is widely used due to its simplicity and ease of application. The article also explores the utility of the metabolic syndrome concept in clinical practice, epidemiological studies, and research, emphasizing its role in understanding common pathophysiological processes and developing new treatments. The central features of metabolic syndrome—insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and endothelial dysfunction—are discussed in detail, along with their interrelationships and mechanisms. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of a comprehensive definition of metabolic syndrome for research and clinical practice.The article by Paul L. Huang provides a comprehensive review of the metabolic syndrome, a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors including insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. These conditions are interconnected and share underlying mechanisms. The author discusses the current definitions of metabolic syndrome, highlighting the World Health Organization (WHO), European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR), National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), and International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) definitions. Each definition emphasizes different aspects, such as insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia, but they all aim to identify patients at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The NCEP ATP III definition is widely used due to its simplicity and ease of application. The article also explores the utility of the metabolic syndrome concept in clinical practice, epidemiological studies, and research, emphasizing its role in understanding common pathophysiological processes and developing new treatments. The central features of metabolic syndrome—insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and endothelial dysfunction—are discussed in detail, along with their interrelationships and mechanisms. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of a comprehensive definition of metabolic syndrome for research and clinical practice.