A comprehensive review on Cislunar expansion and space domain awareness The Cislunar region is crucial for expanding human presence in space in the coming decades. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent and anticipated Earth-Moon missions and ongoing space domain awareness (SDA) initiatives. It introduces the dynamics and periodic trajectories in the Cislunar realm, reviews modern Cislunar programs and smaller missions, identifies trends in Cislunar missions and practices, and examines the current state and shortcomings of SDA in the region. The SDA review is completed through the analysis of the Artemis 1 trajectory. The Cislunar region is a space where the gravitational effects of the Sun, Earth, and Moon significantly influence spacecraft. It is a region of significant scientific, commercial, and military value, with numerous entities investing in its expansion and utilization. Cislunar missions aim to test trajectories, map the Moon's surface, and test resource harvesting methods from the lunar soil. The overarching goal of these missions is to support the development of a lunar base that can sustain long-term human presence. SDA is essential for the continued success and utilization of the Cislunar region. While Earth-based observational infrastructure is effective for near-Earth missions, it struggles to cover the Cislunar region adequately due to distance and challenging observational conditions. The Artemis program, along with the Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) initiative, is leading the way in Cislunar expansion. The Artemis program aims to establish a long-term lunar base, while CLPS promotes commercial involvement in Cislunar missions. The Cislunar region is home to a rich history of missions that form the foundation of Cislunar knowledge. Key missions include Artemis, Chang'E, and Luna, which aim to establish a lunar base in the South Pole region. The Cislunar region is also seeing a surge in smaller missions, including those by ISRO, JAXA, and South Korea. These missions are contributing to the development of the Cislunar industry and providing valuable data for future missions. The Cislunar region is characterized by key regions of interest, including the South Pole and the Near-Rectilinear Halo Orbit (NRHO). These regions are critical for Cislunar missions and require focused SDA efforts. The Artemis program and Gateway station are key components of Cislunar infrastructure, enabling continuous exploration and settlement of the region. The Gateway station is strategically placed to act as a communication relay between the lunar surface and Earth, and to provide observations of the Moon and deeper portions of Cislunar space. The Cislunar region is also facing challenges, including the problem of landing. Recent missions have experienced failures during landing, highlighting the difficulties of landing on the Moon. The review of recent Cislunar mission failures underscores the need for improved landing technologies and mission planning. The Cislunar region is set to be the stage for an expansion of human influence into space on a scale neverA comprehensive review on Cislunar expansion and space domain awareness The Cislunar region is crucial for expanding human presence in space in the coming decades. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent and anticipated Earth-Moon missions and ongoing space domain awareness (SDA) initiatives. It introduces the dynamics and periodic trajectories in the Cislunar realm, reviews modern Cislunar programs and smaller missions, identifies trends in Cislunar missions and practices, and examines the current state and shortcomings of SDA in the region. The SDA review is completed through the analysis of the Artemis 1 trajectory. The Cislunar region is a space where the gravitational effects of the Sun, Earth, and Moon significantly influence spacecraft. It is a region of significant scientific, commercial, and military value, with numerous entities investing in its expansion and utilization. Cislunar missions aim to test trajectories, map the Moon's surface, and test resource harvesting methods from the lunar soil. The overarching goal of these missions is to support the development of a lunar base that can sustain long-term human presence. SDA is essential for the continued success and utilization of the Cislunar region. While Earth-based observational infrastructure is effective for near-Earth missions, it struggles to cover the Cislunar region adequately due to distance and challenging observational conditions. The Artemis program, along with the Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) initiative, is leading the way in Cislunar expansion. The Artemis program aims to establish a long-term lunar base, while CLPS promotes commercial involvement in Cislunar missions. The Cislunar region is home to a rich history of missions that form the foundation of Cislunar knowledge. Key missions include Artemis, Chang'E, and Luna, which aim to establish a lunar base in the South Pole region. The Cislunar region is also seeing a surge in smaller missions, including those by ISRO, JAXA, and South Korea. These missions are contributing to the development of the Cislunar industry and providing valuable data for future missions. The Cislunar region is characterized by key regions of interest, including the South Pole and the Near-Rectilinear Halo Orbit (NRHO). These regions are critical for Cislunar missions and require focused SDA efforts. The Artemis program and Gateway station are key components of Cislunar infrastructure, enabling continuous exploration and settlement of the region. The Gateway station is strategically placed to act as a communication relay between the lunar surface and Earth, and to provide observations of the Moon and deeper portions of Cislunar space. The Cislunar region is also facing challenges, including the problem of landing. Recent missions have experienced failures during landing, highlighting the difficulties of landing on the Moon. The review of recent Cislunar mission failures underscores the need for improved landing technologies and mission planning. The Cislunar region is set to be the stage for an expansion of human influence into space on a scale never