This dataset provides a Climate Physical Risk Index (CPRI) for 170 countries, measuring the impact of extreme climate events such as extreme low temperature (LTD), extreme high temperature (HTD), extreme rainfall (ERD), and extreme drought (EDD). The dataset covers the period from 1993 to 2023 and is constructed using daily meteorological observations from stations. It includes sub-indices for each extreme event and a total index representing the overall climate physical risk for each country. The dataset can be updated regularly and includes subnational or regional indices upon request. The CPRI dataset is built using station-level meteorological data, which allows for more accurate and frequent measurements compared to existing datasets that rely on natural disaster data. The dataset is publicly available and can be used by researchers, business managers, financial analysts, and policymakers to analyze the macro or micro impacts of climate physical risk on the economy and society. The dataset includes two Excel files: one for the global climate physical risk index (GCPRI) system for 170 countries, and another demonstrating the capability of extending the indices to sub-national or smaller regional levels using the case of China, which includes Chinese climate physical risk indices for 31 provinces and 229 cities. The data collection process involves gathering daily climatological information from meteorological stations around the world from 1973 to 2023. The data is then processed to calculate the historical distributions of each indicator and to determine thresholds for extreme values. The number of extreme days for each station is calculated from 1993 to 2023, and the annual number of extreme weather days at the regional level is calculated using the geographical coordinates of each station. The data is standardized using the min-max approach to construct a general index for each country/region. The four sub-indices are then used to construct a general climate physical risk index for each country/region. The weights for the sub-indices are set to 0.25, but can be adjusted for different purposes. The dataset has limitations, including the use of a simple average of extreme climate days across all meteorological stations, which assumes equal importance for all stations. Additionally, the availability of meteorological station data can be a limiting factor when extending to smaller regions.This dataset provides a Climate Physical Risk Index (CPRI) for 170 countries, measuring the impact of extreme climate events such as extreme low temperature (LTD), extreme high temperature (HTD), extreme rainfall (ERD), and extreme drought (EDD). The dataset covers the period from 1993 to 2023 and is constructed using daily meteorological observations from stations. It includes sub-indices for each extreme event and a total index representing the overall climate physical risk for each country. The dataset can be updated regularly and includes subnational or regional indices upon request. The CPRI dataset is built using station-level meteorological data, which allows for more accurate and frequent measurements compared to existing datasets that rely on natural disaster data. The dataset is publicly available and can be used by researchers, business managers, financial analysts, and policymakers to analyze the macro or micro impacts of climate physical risk on the economy and society. The dataset includes two Excel files: one for the global climate physical risk index (GCPRI) system for 170 countries, and another demonstrating the capability of extending the indices to sub-national or smaller regional levels using the case of China, which includes Chinese climate physical risk indices for 31 provinces and 229 cities. The data collection process involves gathering daily climatological information from meteorological stations around the world from 1973 to 2023. The data is then processed to calculate the historical distributions of each indicator and to determine thresholds for extreme values. The number of extreme days for each station is calculated from 1993 to 2023, and the annual number of extreme weather days at the regional level is calculated using the geographical coordinates of each station. The data is standardized using the min-max approach to construct a general index for each country/region. The four sub-indices are then used to construct a general climate physical risk index for each country/region. The weights for the sub-indices are set to 0.25, but can be adjusted for different purposes. The dataset has limitations, including the use of a simple average of extreme climate days across all meteorological stations, which assumes equal importance for all stations. Additionally, the availability of meteorological station data can be a limiting factor when extending to smaller regions.