This study presents a facile soft-template method for the synthesis of mesoporous polymeric and carbonaceous nanospheres. The method extends the synthesis of mesoporous silica nanospheres to produce ordered mesoporous resorcinol formaldehyde nanospheres with particle sizes ranging from 80 to 400 nm and mesopores of approximately 3.5 nm in diameter. By adjusting synthesis parameters, multi-layered mesoporous resorcinol formaldehyde hollow nanospheres can be synthesized. Further carbonization of these polymer spheres results in mesoporous carbon nanospheres and hollow nanospheres with high surface areas. These materials are demonstrated as effective host cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries, showing high initial discharge capacity and good cyclability. The synthesis strategy is efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly, making it suitable for industrial production and potential applications in energy storage and conversion.This study presents a facile soft-template method for the synthesis of mesoporous polymeric and carbonaceous nanospheres. The method extends the synthesis of mesoporous silica nanospheres to produce ordered mesoporous resorcinol formaldehyde nanospheres with particle sizes ranging from 80 to 400 nm and mesopores of approximately 3.5 nm in diameter. By adjusting synthesis parameters, multi-layered mesoporous resorcinol formaldehyde hollow nanospheres can be synthesized. Further carbonization of these polymer spheres results in mesoporous carbon nanospheres and hollow nanospheres with high surface areas. These materials are demonstrated as effective host cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries, showing high initial discharge capacity and good cyclability. The synthesis strategy is efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly, making it suitable for industrial production and potential applications in energy storage and conversion.