A global model of natural volatile organic compound (NVOC) emissions was developed to estimate emissions from natural sources, including oceans and plant foliage. The model uses a 0.5° × 0.5° spatial grid and generates hourly emission estimates. NVOCs are categorized into four groups: isoprene, monoterpenes, other reactive VOC (ORVOC), and other VOC (OVOC). The model estimates that the annual global VOC flux is 1150 Tg C, with 44% isoprene, 11% monoterpenes, 22.5% ORVOC, and 22.5% OVOC. Tropical woodlands contribute about half of all global natural VOC emissions, while croplands, shrublands, and other woodlands contribute 10–20% each. Isoprene emissions in temperate regions are up to five times higher than previous estimates. The model estimates ocean VOC emissions based on geophysical variables and ocean color data, while plant foliage emissions are calculated using ecosystem-specific biomass, emission factors, and light/temperature dependence. The model accounts for spatial and temporal variations in biomass, temperature, and light. The estimated global ocean VOC flux is about 5 Tg C yr⁻¹, which is an order of magnitude less than previous estimates. The model also estimates isoprene and monoterpene emissions from different ecosystems. Isoprene emissions are highest in tropical woodlands, while monoterpene emissions are highest in certain temperate regions. The model shows that isoprene emissions are higher in woodland areas due to higher foliar densities and base emission factors. The model also accounts for the influence of light and temperature on VOC emissions, with isoprene emissions being temperature and light dependent, while other compounds are temperature dependent. The model's estimates of global NVOC emissions are compared with previous studies, showing that the model's isoprene emission rate is slightly higher than previous estimates, while the monoterpene emission rate falls just below the lower end of previously reported values. The model's estimates for individual countries, such as northern Australia and the United States, are compared with previous studies, showing that the model's isoprene estimates are higher than previous estimates for these regions. The model's estimates of global NVOC emissions are generally higher than previous estimates, with the global emission rate estimated at 1150 Tg C yr⁻¹, which is more than a factor of 7 greater than estimated global anthropogenic VOC emissions. The model's results suggest that VOC emissions are a significant component of the carbon flux in many terrestrial landscapes and should be considered in field investigations of carbon cycling. The model's results also indicate that VOC emissions may have a significant impact on atmospheric chemistry and climate.A global model of natural volatile organic compound (NVOC) emissions was developed to estimate emissions from natural sources, including oceans and plant foliage. The model uses a 0.5° × 0.5° spatial grid and generates hourly emission estimates. NVOCs are categorized into four groups: isoprene, monoterpenes, other reactive VOC (ORVOC), and other VOC (OVOC). The model estimates that the annual global VOC flux is 1150 Tg C, with 44% isoprene, 11% monoterpenes, 22.5% ORVOC, and 22.5% OVOC. Tropical woodlands contribute about half of all global natural VOC emissions, while croplands, shrublands, and other woodlands contribute 10–20% each. Isoprene emissions in temperate regions are up to five times higher than previous estimates. The model estimates ocean VOC emissions based on geophysical variables and ocean color data, while plant foliage emissions are calculated using ecosystem-specific biomass, emission factors, and light/temperature dependence. The model accounts for spatial and temporal variations in biomass, temperature, and light. The estimated global ocean VOC flux is about 5 Tg C yr⁻¹, which is an order of magnitude less than previous estimates. The model also estimates isoprene and monoterpene emissions from different ecosystems. Isoprene emissions are highest in tropical woodlands, while monoterpene emissions are highest in certain temperate regions. The model shows that isoprene emissions are higher in woodland areas due to higher foliar densities and base emission factors. The model also accounts for the influence of light and temperature on VOC emissions, with isoprene emissions being temperature and light dependent, while other compounds are temperature dependent. The model's estimates of global NVOC emissions are compared with previous studies, showing that the model's isoprene emission rate is slightly higher than previous estimates, while the monoterpene emission rate falls just below the lower end of previously reported values. The model's estimates for individual countries, such as northern Australia and the United States, are compared with previous studies, showing that the model's isoprene estimates are higher than previous estimates for these regions. The model's estimates of global NVOC emissions are generally higher than previous estimates, with the global emission rate estimated at 1150 Tg C yr⁻¹, which is more than a factor of 7 greater than estimated global anthropogenic VOC emissions. The model's results suggest that VOC emissions are a significant component of the carbon flux in many terrestrial landscapes and should be considered in field investigations of carbon cycling. The model's results also indicate that VOC emissions may have a significant impact on atmospheric chemistry and climate.