A head-mounted three dimensional display

A head-mounted three dimensional display

1968 | IVAN E. SUTHERLAND
This paper presents a head-mounted three-dimensional display system developed at the University of Utah. The system uses a perspective image that changes as the user moves their head to create the illusion of three-dimensional objects. The display relies on the "kinetic depth effect," where moving perspective images appear three-dimensional even without stereo presentation. The system uses a homogeneous coordinate representation to display objects at various distances and positions relative to the user. The display system includes a special headset with two miniature cathode ray tubes that project a virtual image about eighteen inches in front of each eye. The system uses a mechanical and ultrasonic head position sensor to track the user's head position and orientation. This information is used to compute the appropriate perspective transformation for the displayed image. The system includes a digital matrix multiplier and a clipping divider to dynamically compute the perspective image. The matrix multiplier converts information from the fixed "room" coordinate system to the moving "eye" coordinate system. The clipping divider eliminates portions of lines that are outside the user's field of view and computes the appropriate perspective image for the remaining data. The system also includes an analog line generator that draws lines on the two-dimensional scope face. The display system is capable of displaying 3000 lines at 30 frames per second, which amounts to about 10 microseconds per line. The system has been tested with various objects, including a cube and a cyclo-hexane molecule, and has shown promising results in creating a realistic three-dimensional display. The system has been used to display a "room" surrounding the user and a small cube in the center of the user's operating area. The system has also been used to display transparent "wire frame" line drawings of three-dimensional objects. The system has been praised for its good stereo presentation, which provides a realistic three-dimensional illusion. The system has been developed with the help of many individuals and has been a significant achievement in the field of three-dimensional display technology.This paper presents a head-mounted three-dimensional display system developed at the University of Utah. The system uses a perspective image that changes as the user moves their head to create the illusion of three-dimensional objects. The display relies on the "kinetic depth effect," where moving perspective images appear three-dimensional even without stereo presentation. The system uses a homogeneous coordinate representation to display objects at various distances and positions relative to the user. The display system includes a special headset with two miniature cathode ray tubes that project a virtual image about eighteen inches in front of each eye. The system uses a mechanical and ultrasonic head position sensor to track the user's head position and orientation. This information is used to compute the appropriate perspective transformation for the displayed image. The system includes a digital matrix multiplier and a clipping divider to dynamically compute the perspective image. The matrix multiplier converts information from the fixed "room" coordinate system to the moving "eye" coordinate system. The clipping divider eliminates portions of lines that are outside the user's field of view and computes the appropriate perspective image for the remaining data. The system also includes an analog line generator that draws lines on the two-dimensional scope face. The display system is capable of displaying 3000 lines at 30 frames per second, which amounts to about 10 microseconds per line. The system has been tested with various objects, including a cube and a cyclo-hexane molecule, and has shown promising results in creating a realistic three-dimensional display. The system has been used to display a "room" surrounding the user and a small cube in the center of the user's operating area. The system has also been used to display transparent "wire frame" line drawings of three-dimensional objects. The system has been praised for its good stereo presentation, which provides a realistic three-dimensional illusion. The system has been developed with the help of many individuals and has been a significant achievement in the field of three-dimensional display technology.
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