2012-08-01 | Shen, Yin; Yue, Feng; McCleary, David F; et al.
A map of the cis-regulatory sequences in the mouse genome was published in Nature (2012). The study identified nearly 300,000 murine cis-regulatory sequences, including 53,834 putative promoters, 234,764 potential enhancers, and 111,062 CTCF-binding sites. These sequences account for 11% of the mouse genome and include more than 70% of conserved non-coding sequences. The study used chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq) to identify genomic localizations of RNA polymerase II, CTCF, and three chromatin modification marks. The results showed that the mouse genome is organized into domains of coordinately regulated enhancers and promoters, providing a resource for the annotation of functional elements in the mammalian genome and for the study of mechanisms regulating tissue-specific gene expression.
The study also identified 13,438 novel promoters and 77,236 novel CTCF-binding sites. The accuracy and completeness of the cis-regulatory sequence mapping were validated by comparing the identified promoters with known promoters and enhancers. The results showed that the study recovered 79% of RefSeq-annotated promoters and 82% of experimentally validated enhancers. The study also found that the cis-regulatory elements identified in the mouse genome are under different selective pressures during evolution, with promoters being most conserved in both sequence and usage, whereas enhancers and CTCF-binding sites are undergoing a considerable degree of evolution.
The study also compared the sequence conservation of different classes of cis-regulatory sequences and found that promoters are characterized by the highest degree of sequence conservation. The study also found that most CNSs seem to function in regulating transcription. The study also identified that enhancers are important in regulating tissue-specific expression patterns during mammalian development. The study also identified that the occupancy of enhancers by H3K4me1 in the mouse genome is still the most tissue-specific.
The study also identified that the cis-regulatory elements are active in a tissue-specific manner and are most probably involved in regulating tissue-specific gene expression. The study also identified that the discovery of EPUs provides strong evidence that the genome is partitioned into functional domains in which cis-regulatory elements are coordinately regulated. The study also identified that EPUs overlap significantly with recently discovered topological domains, defined by chromatin interactions, thus linking physical partitioning of the genome with transcriptional regulation. The study also identified that EPUs may help in assigning enhancers to their target promoters. The study also identified that mammalian development requires a precise temporal gene expression program that is tightly controlled by transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements. The study also identified that the map of cis-regulatory sequences now provides a chance for us to analyse the potential mechanisms involved in temporal regulation ofA map of the cis-regulatory sequences in the mouse genome was published in Nature (2012). The study identified nearly 300,000 murine cis-regulatory sequences, including 53,834 putative promoters, 234,764 potential enhancers, and 111,062 CTCF-binding sites. These sequences account for 11% of the mouse genome and include more than 70% of conserved non-coding sequences. The study used chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq) to identify genomic localizations of RNA polymerase II, CTCF, and three chromatin modification marks. The results showed that the mouse genome is organized into domains of coordinately regulated enhancers and promoters, providing a resource for the annotation of functional elements in the mammalian genome and for the study of mechanisms regulating tissue-specific gene expression.
The study also identified 13,438 novel promoters and 77,236 novel CTCF-binding sites. The accuracy and completeness of the cis-regulatory sequence mapping were validated by comparing the identified promoters with known promoters and enhancers. The results showed that the study recovered 79% of RefSeq-annotated promoters and 82% of experimentally validated enhancers. The study also found that the cis-regulatory elements identified in the mouse genome are under different selective pressures during evolution, with promoters being most conserved in both sequence and usage, whereas enhancers and CTCF-binding sites are undergoing a considerable degree of evolution.
The study also compared the sequence conservation of different classes of cis-regulatory sequences and found that promoters are characterized by the highest degree of sequence conservation. The study also found that most CNSs seem to function in regulating transcription. The study also identified that enhancers are important in regulating tissue-specific expression patterns during mammalian development. The study also identified that the occupancy of enhancers by H3K4me1 in the mouse genome is still the most tissue-specific.
The study also identified that the cis-regulatory elements are active in a tissue-specific manner and are most probably involved in regulating tissue-specific gene expression. The study also identified that the discovery of EPUs provides strong evidence that the genome is partitioned into functional domains in which cis-regulatory elements are coordinately regulated. The study also identified that EPUs overlap significantly with recently discovered topological domains, defined by chromatin interactions, thus linking physical partitioning of the genome with transcriptional regulation. The study also identified that EPUs may help in assigning enhancers to their target promoters. The study also identified that mammalian development requires a precise temporal gene expression program that is tightly controlled by transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements. The study also identified that the map of cis-regulatory sequences now provides a chance for us to analyse the potential mechanisms involved in temporal regulation of