This meta-analysis explores the intervention effect of mindfulness training on athletes' performance. The study included 11 articles and 23 effect sizes from Chinese and English databases, with a total sample size of 582 athletes. The results indicate that mindfulness training significantly improves the level of mindfulness [SMD = 1.08, 95%CI (0.30, 1.86), p < 0.01], fluency [SMD = 1.47, 95%CI (0.87, 2.08), p < 0.001], and performance [SMD = 0.92, 95%CI (0.40, 1.43), p < 0.01], while reducing psychological anxiety [SMD = -0.87, 95%CI (-1.54, -0.20), p < 0.05]. All effects reached large effect sizes. The study concludes that mindfulness training is an effective psychological skill intervention method to improve athletes' sports performance. Future research should expand sample sizes, conduct comparative studies on different sports and intervention modes, and investigate the time effect and trait mindfulness level in fluency state.This meta-analysis explores the intervention effect of mindfulness training on athletes' performance. The study included 11 articles and 23 effect sizes from Chinese and English databases, with a total sample size of 582 athletes. The results indicate that mindfulness training significantly improves the level of mindfulness [SMD = 1.08, 95%CI (0.30, 1.86), p < 0.01], fluency [SMD = 1.47, 95%CI (0.87, 2.08), p < 0.001], and performance [SMD = 0.92, 95%CI (0.40, 1.43), p < 0.01], while reducing psychological anxiety [SMD = -0.87, 95%CI (-1.54, -0.20), p < 0.05]. All effects reached large effect sizes. The study concludes that mindfulness training is an effective psychological skill intervention method to improve athletes' sports performance. Future research should expand sample sizes, conduct comparative studies on different sports and intervention modes, and investigate the time effect and trait mindfulness level in fluency state.