A Model-Based Method for Organizing Tasks in Product Development

A Model-Based Method for Organizing Tasks in Product Development

1994 | Steven D. Eppinger, Daniel E. Whitney, Robert P. Smith and David A. Gebala
This research aims to structure complex design projects to develop better products more quickly. A matrix representation is used to capture both the sequence and technical relationships among design tasks. These relationships define the "technical structure" of a project, which is analyzed to find alternative sequences and/or definitions of tasks. Improved design procedures can speed development by streamlining inter-task coordination. After applying this technique in several organizations, a design management strategy was developed focusing on essential information transfer requirements. Concurrent engineering, which involves multi-functional teams, is widely used in product development. However, large projects face challenges due to the complexity of inter-task interactions. Design managers must integrate sub-problem solutions into a well-designed system. While some firms use system engineers to handle interactions, these interactions are often poorly understood. Most product development involves redesigning existing items, not creating new ones. Existing design procedures in large firms are often heavily bureaucratized and may have internal inefficiencies. The goal of this research is to help large concurrent engineering projects achieve the benefits of small teams by using tools to structure projects effectively. This work differs from traditional project management in two ways: it uses detailed models of development procedures to understand complex interactions, and it explicitly models coupling to reduce complexity by restructuring development procedures. The research aims to develop a design management strategy that improves product development by documenting procedures, resequencing tasks, sharing data, redefining critical tasks, exposing constraints, emphasizing coordination, and strategically planning iteration. The approach involves mapping existing or proposed design procedures into a matrix representing complex inter-relationships among tasks. The analysis considers the relative importance of inputs to design decisions, allowing information requirements to determine activity scheduling. The result is an array of options for rearranging or reprioritizing tasks. Strategies include decoupling and resequencing tasks, inserting new decision points, splitting or condensing tasks, and other schemes to improve information and decision flow.This research aims to structure complex design projects to develop better products more quickly. A matrix representation is used to capture both the sequence and technical relationships among design tasks. These relationships define the "technical structure" of a project, which is analyzed to find alternative sequences and/or definitions of tasks. Improved design procedures can speed development by streamlining inter-task coordination. After applying this technique in several organizations, a design management strategy was developed focusing on essential information transfer requirements. Concurrent engineering, which involves multi-functional teams, is widely used in product development. However, large projects face challenges due to the complexity of inter-task interactions. Design managers must integrate sub-problem solutions into a well-designed system. While some firms use system engineers to handle interactions, these interactions are often poorly understood. Most product development involves redesigning existing items, not creating new ones. Existing design procedures in large firms are often heavily bureaucratized and may have internal inefficiencies. The goal of this research is to help large concurrent engineering projects achieve the benefits of small teams by using tools to structure projects effectively. This work differs from traditional project management in two ways: it uses detailed models of development procedures to understand complex interactions, and it explicitly models coupling to reduce complexity by restructuring development procedures. The research aims to develop a design management strategy that improves product development by documenting procedures, resequencing tasks, sharing data, redefining critical tasks, exposing constraints, emphasizing coordination, and strategically planning iteration. The approach involves mapping existing or proposed design procedures into a matrix representing complex inter-relationships among tasks. The analysis considers the relative importance of inputs to design decisions, allowing information requirements to determine activity scheduling. The result is an array of options for rearranging or reprioritizing tasks. Strategies include decoupling and resequencing tasks, inserting new decision points, splitting or condensing tasks, and other schemes to improve information and decision flow.
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