This paper presents a model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation, integrating autonomic, attentional, and affective systems into a functional and structural network. The model emphasizes the relationship between attentional regulation and affective processes, proposing physiological systems that integrate these functions for self-regulation and adaptability. It places this network within dynamical systems models, focusing on negative feedback mechanisms, inhibitory processes, and their role in response selection. The model suggests that anxiety disorders may result from dis-inhibition due to faulty inhibitory mechanisms. Emotions are viewed as self-regulatory responses that allow efficient coordination for goal-directed behavior. Emotional responses emerge from interactions between subsystems and environmental demands, forming distributed systems. Emotions are considered attractors in the state-space of the organism, with valence and arousal as key dimensions. Disorders of affect, including anxiety, may represent distorted emotional state spaces, leading to inflexibility. Attentional regulation and affective regulation are functionally integrated systems. Cardiac vagal tone, reflected in heart rate variability (HRV), is related to attentional control and emotional regulation. The central autonomic network (CAN) and anterior executive region (AER) are key structures involved in response organization and selection. The CAN is under tonic inhibitory control, with GABA interneurons in the NTS playing a critical role. Disruption of this inhibitory pathway may lead to conditions like hypertension and sinus tachycardia. The CAN and AER are part of a functional network involved in psychophysiological resources in attention and emotion. HRV is an index of neurovisceral integration and self-regulation. Reduced vagally mediated HRV is associated with anxiety and other psychopathologies. The study of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) shows reduced HRV and impaired attentional regulation. The S1–S2 paradigm demonstrates phasic cardiac responses related to attention and emotional processing. The anterior cingulate cortex is central to emotion regulation, involved in attention, response selection, and autonomic activity. Neuroimaging studies support the role of the anterior cingulate in emotional processing and attention. The model highlights the importance of negative feedback circuits and inhibitory processes in self-regulation and adaptability.This paper presents a model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation, integrating autonomic, attentional, and affective systems into a functional and structural network. The model emphasizes the relationship between attentional regulation and affective processes, proposing physiological systems that integrate these functions for self-regulation and adaptability. It places this network within dynamical systems models, focusing on negative feedback mechanisms, inhibitory processes, and their role in response selection. The model suggests that anxiety disorders may result from dis-inhibition due to faulty inhibitory mechanisms. Emotions are viewed as self-regulatory responses that allow efficient coordination for goal-directed behavior. Emotional responses emerge from interactions between subsystems and environmental demands, forming distributed systems. Emotions are considered attractors in the state-space of the organism, with valence and arousal as key dimensions. Disorders of affect, including anxiety, may represent distorted emotional state spaces, leading to inflexibility. Attentional regulation and affective regulation are functionally integrated systems. Cardiac vagal tone, reflected in heart rate variability (HRV), is related to attentional control and emotional regulation. The central autonomic network (CAN) and anterior executive region (AER) are key structures involved in response organization and selection. The CAN is under tonic inhibitory control, with GABA interneurons in the NTS playing a critical role. Disruption of this inhibitory pathway may lead to conditions like hypertension and sinus tachycardia. The CAN and AER are part of a functional network involved in psychophysiological resources in attention and emotion. HRV is an index of neurovisceral integration and self-regulation. Reduced vagally mediated HRV is associated with anxiety and other psychopathologies. The study of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) shows reduced HRV and impaired attentional regulation. The S1–S2 paradigm demonstrates phasic cardiac responses related to attention and emotional processing. The anterior cingulate cortex is central to emotion regulation, involved in attention, response selection, and autonomic activity. Neuroimaging studies support the role of the anterior cingulate in emotional processing and attention. The model highlights the importance of negative feedback circuits and inhibitory processes in self-regulation and adaptability.