December 2023 | Mary E. Rinella, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Vlad Ratziu, Sven M. Francque, Arun J. Sanyal, Fasih Kanwal, Diana Romero, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Quentin M. Anstee, Juan Pablo Arab, Marco Arrese, Ramon Battaler, Ulrich Beuers, Jerome Boursier, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Christopher D. Byrne, Graciela E. Castro Narro, Abhijit Chowdhury, Helena Cortez-Pinto, Donna R. Cryer, Kenneth Cusi, Mohamed El-Kassas, Samuel Klein, Wayne Eskridge, Jiangqiao Fan, Sameer Gawrieh, Cynthia D. Guy, Stephen A. Harrison, Seung Up Kim, Bart G. Koot, Marko Korenjak, Kris V. Kowdley, Florence Lacaille, Rohit Loomba, Robert Mitchell-Thain, Timothy R. Morgan, Elisabeth E. Powell, Michael Roden, Manuel Romero-Gómez, Marcelo Silva, Shivaram Prasad Singh, Silvia C. Sookoian, C. Wendy Spearman, Dina Tiniakos, Luca Valenti, Miriam B. Vos, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Stavra Xanthakos, Yusuf Yilmaz, Zobair Younossi, Ansley Hobbs, Marcela Villota-Rivas, Philip N. Newsome
A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature was developed by a global group of liver experts, patient advocates, and industry representatives. The study aimed to determine if content experts and patient advocates supported a change in the nomenclature and definition of fatty liver disease. A modified Delphi process was used, with a supermajority (67%) vote defining consensus. An independent expert committee finalized the acronym and diagnostic criteria. A total of 236 experts from 56 countries participated in four online surveys and two hybrid meetings, with response rates of 87%, 83%, 83%, and 78%. Seventy-four percent of respondents felt the current nomenclature was flawed and needed change. The terms "nonalcoholic" and "fatty" were considered stigmatising by 61% and 66% of respondents, respectively. Steatotic liver disease was chosen as an overarching term to encompass various aetiologies of steatosis. The term steatohepatitis was retained as an important pathophysiological concept. The new name, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), was chosen to replace NAFLD. The definition was revised to include at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors. Patients with no metabolic parameters and no known cause were classified as cryptogenic steatotic liver disease. A new category, metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD), was introduced for patients with MASLD who consume more alcohol. The new nomenclature and diagnostic criteria are widely supported and non-stigmatising, improving awareness and patient identification. The consensus process involved a multistep Delphi method, with input from literature and experts. The final name and definition were determined by an external expert committee, which also refined the definition to include metabolic parameters for both adults and children. The new nomenclature includes a metabolic descriptor, allowing for a more accurate description of the disease. The proposed nomenclature includes a broader definition that encompasses various aetiologies of steatosis, including metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related causes. The new name, MASLD, is intended to be non-stigmatising and to better reflect the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. The diagnostic criteria include at least one cardiometabolic risk factor, and the presence of steatosis. The new nomenclature also includes a separate category for patients with alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD). The consensus process involved extensive discussion and review of statements, with the final name and definition determined by an external expert committee. The new nomenclature is intended to improve awareness, understanding, and treatment of fatty liver disease. The proposed nomenclature includes a metabolic descriptor, allowing for a more accurate description of the disease. The diagnostic criteria include at least one cardiometabolic risk factor, and the presence of steatosis. The new nomenclature also includes aA multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature was developed by a global group of liver experts, patient advocates, and industry representatives. The study aimed to determine if content experts and patient advocates supported a change in the nomenclature and definition of fatty liver disease. A modified Delphi process was used, with a supermajority (67%) vote defining consensus. An independent expert committee finalized the acronym and diagnostic criteria. A total of 236 experts from 56 countries participated in four online surveys and two hybrid meetings, with response rates of 87%, 83%, 83%, and 78%. Seventy-four percent of respondents felt the current nomenclature was flawed and needed change. The terms "nonalcoholic" and "fatty" were considered stigmatising by 61% and 66% of respondents, respectively. Steatotic liver disease was chosen as an overarching term to encompass various aetiologies of steatosis. The term steatohepatitis was retained as an important pathophysiological concept. The new name, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), was chosen to replace NAFLD. The definition was revised to include at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors. Patients with no metabolic parameters and no known cause were classified as cryptogenic steatotic liver disease. A new category, metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD), was introduced for patients with MASLD who consume more alcohol. The new nomenclature and diagnostic criteria are widely supported and non-stigmatising, improving awareness and patient identification. The consensus process involved a multistep Delphi method, with input from literature and experts. The final name and definition were determined by an external expert committee, which also refined the definition to include metabolic parameters for both adults and children. The new nomenclature includes a metabolic descriptor, allowing for a more accurate description of the disease. The proposed nomenclature includes a broader definition that encompasses various aetiologies of steatosis, including metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related causes. The new name, MASLD, is intended to be non-stigmatising and to better reflect the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. The diagnostic criteria include at least one cardiometabolic risk factor, and the presence of steatosis. The new nomenclature also includes a separate category for patients with alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD). The consensus process involved extensive discussion and review of statements, with the final name and definition determined by an external expert committee. The new nomenclature is intended to improve awareness, understanding, and treatment of fatty liver disease. The proposed nomenclature includes a metabolic descriptor, allowing for a more accurate description of the disease. The diagnostic criteria include at least one cardiometabolic risk factor, and the presence of steatosis. The new nomenclature also includes a