A new equation, the CKD-EPI creatinine equation, was developed to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) more accurately than the widely used MDRD Study equation. The CKD-EPI equation was validated using data from 10 studies for development and 16 studies for validation, involving a total of 12,150 participants. The equation incorporates serum creatinine, age, sex, and race, and uses a spline function to improve accuracy, especially at higher GFR levels. The CKD-EPI equation showed better performance in terms of bias, precision, and accuracy compared to the MDRD equation. It was more accurate in estimating GFR at higher levels and had a lower prevalence estimate for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the U.S. population. The CKD-EPI equation is more accurate and could replace the MDRD equation for clinical use. However, it has limitations, including limited data on elderly individuals and racial minorities. The study highlights the importance of accurate GFR estimation for clinical decision-making and public health. The CKD-EPI equation is recommended for general clinical use due to its improved accuracy and reduced bias.A new equation, the CKD-EPI creatinine equation, was developed to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) more accurately than the widely used MDRD Study equation. The CKD-EPI equation was validated using data from 10 studies for development and 16 studies for validation, involving a total of 12,150 participants. The equation incorporates serum creatinine, age, sex, and race, and uses a spline function to improve accuracy, especially at higher GFR levels. The CKD-EPI equation showed better performance in terms of bias, precision, and accuracy compared to the MDRD equation. It was more accurate in estimating GFR at higher levels and had a lower prevalence estimate for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the U.S. population. The CKD-EPI equation is more accurate and could replace the MDRD equation for clinical use. However, it has limitations, including limited data on elderly individuals and racial minorities. The study highlights the importance of accurate GFR estimation for clinical decision-making and public health. The CKD-EPI equation is recommended for general clinical use due to its improved accuracy and reduced bias.