A scoping study of crime facilitated by the metaverse

A scoping study of crime facilitated by the metaverse

2024 | Juliana Gómez-Quintero, Shane D. Johnson, Hervé Borrión, Samantha Lundrigan
A scoping study of crime facilitated by the metaverse explores the potential for new crime opportunities in this emerging digital environment. The study used a nominal group technique (NGT) to identify and prioritize crime threats, involving a scoping review of existing literature and expert elicitation with two groups: one of UK and European experts and another of international law enforcement. A total of 30 crime threats were identified, with sexual crimes (e.g., child sexual abuse material, hate crimes) and crimes against the person rated as the most harmful and frequent, and the most difficult to address. The study highlights the need for stakeholders to prioritize these threats, as the metaverse's immersive and decentralized nature could amplify the impact of crimes such as harassment, sexual offenses, and hate crimes. The study also considers how the routine activity approach and rational choice theory apply to the metaverse, emphasizing the role of guardianship and the potential for increased crime opportunities due to the metaverse's hyper-mobility and immersive experiences. The study identifies various crime threat scenarios, including financial crimes, property crimes, and other crimes against the person, and evaluates them based on harm severity, frequency, achievability, and defeat-ability. The results show that sexual offenses are generally rated as high risk, while property and "other" crimes are rated as lower risk. The study concludes that the metaverse presents significant challenges for crime prevention, requiring a proactive approach to address the unique risks associated with this technology.A scoping study of crime facilitated by the metaverse explores the potential for new crime opportunities in this emerging digital environment. The study used a nominal group technique (NGT) to identify and prioritize crime threats, involving a scoping review of existing literature and expert elicitation with two groups: one of UK and European experts and another of international law enforcement. A total of 30 crime threats were identified, with sexual crimes (e.g., child sexual abuse material, hate crimes) and crimes against the person rated as the most harmful and frequent, and the most difficult to address. The study highlights the need for stakeholders to prioritize these threats, as the metaverse's immersive and decentralized nature could amplify the impact of crimes such as harassment, sexual offenses, and hate crimes. The study also considers how the routine activity approach and rational choice theory apply to the metaverse, emphasizing the role of guardianship and the potential for increased crime opportunities due to the metaverse's hyper-mobility and immersive experiences. The study identifies various crime threat scenarios, including financial crimes, property crimes, and other crimes against the person, and evaluates them based on harm severity, frequency, achievability, and defeat-ability. The results show that sexual offenses are generally rated as high risk, while property and "other" crimes are rated as lower risk. The study concludes that the metaverse presents significant challenges for crime prevention, requiring a proactive approach to address the unique risks associated with this technology.
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