The article by Harvey Sacks, Emanuel A. Schegloff, and Gail Jefferson presents a systematic model for the organization of turn-taking in conversation. The authors argue that turn-taking is fundamental to conversation and other speech-exchange systems, and they propose a model that is locally managed, party-administered, interactionally controlled, and sensitive to recipient design. The model is characterized by two components and a set of rules: 1. **Turn-Constructional Component**: Speakers use various unit-types (sentential, clausal, phrasal, lexical constructions) to construct turns. The initial completion of a unit-type marks a transition-relevance place, where speaker change or turn allocation occurs. 2. **Turn-Allocation Component**: Techniques for allocating turns are divided into two groups: - Current speaker selects next speaker. - Self-selection by the current speaker. 3. **Rules**: A set of rules governs turn construction and allocation, ensuring that only one speaker speaks at a time, minimizing gaps and overlaps, and allowing for variations in turn order and size. The authors demonstrate how this model accounts for various empirical facts about conversation, such as speaker change, the overwhelming majority of one party talking at a time, brief occurrences of multiple speakers, transitions with no gap or overlap, varying turn order and size, and the non-fixed nature of conversation length and content. They also highlight the potential for context-free and context-sensitive organization, emphasizing the importance of understanding the underlying structure of turn-taking in conversation.The article by Harvey Sacks, Emanuel A. Schegloff, and Gail Jefferson presents a systematic model for the organization of turn-taking in conversation. The authors argue that turn-taking is fundamental to conversation and other speech-exchange systems, and they propose a model that is locally managed, party-administered, interactionally controlled, and sensitive to recipient design. The model is characterized by two components and a set of rules: 1. **Turn-Constructional Component**: Speakers use various unit-types (sentential, clausal, phrasal, lexical constructions) to construct turns. The initial completion of a unit-type marks a transition-relevance place, where speaker change or turn allocation occurs. 2. **Turn-Allocation Component**: Techniques for allocating turns are divided into two groups: - Current speaker selects next speaker. - Self-selection by the current speaker. 3. **Rules**: A set of rules governs turn construction and allocation, ensuring that only one speaker speaks at a time, minimizing gaps and overlaps, and allowing for variations in turn order and size. The authors demonstrate how this model accounts for various empirical facts about conversation, such as speaker change, the overwhelming majority of one party talking at a time, brief occurrences of multiple speakers, transitions with no gap or overlap, varying turn order and size, and the non-fixed nature of conversation length and content. They also highlight the potential for context-free and context-sensitive organization, emphasizing the importance of understanding the underlying structure of turn-taking in conversation.