24 July 2024 | Kaijie Yang, Tingting Pan, Nadia Ferhat, Alejandra Ibarra Felix, Rebekah E. Waller, Pei-Ying Hong, Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder, Qiaoqiang Gan & Yu Han
A solar-driven atmospheric water extractor (SAWE) system is introduced for off-grid freshwater generation and irrigation. This system operates passively, continuously producing freshwater under sunlight without requiring maintenance. The system utilizes a three-dimensional structure called mass transport bridges (MTBs), which facilitate spontaneous mass transport and efficient energy utilization. Under 1-sun illumination at 90% relative humidity (RH), the system produces 0.65 L m⁻² h⁻¹ of freshwater and functions in arid environments with RH as low as 40%. A scaled-up version of the system was tested in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, over 35 days across two seasons, producing 2.0–3.0 L m⁻² per day during summer and 1.0–2.8 L m⁻² per day during fall. The system was used for off-grid irrigation, successfully growing cabbage plants using atmospheric water. The system's passive design allows it to operate continuously without labor-intensive maintenance, making it suitable for remote and water-scarce regions.
Freshwater scarcity is a global challenge, affecting 2.2 billion people. This issue is exacerbated by climate change and population growth, with agriculture and power generation being the primary users of freshwater. SAWE systems use hygroscopic sorbents to capture moisture from the environment, but traditional systems are limited by slow sorbent kinetics, allowing only one sorption-desorption cycle per day. To overcome this, systems with rapid kinetics and multicycle capabilities have been developed, but these are limited by high costs and scalability challenges. The proposed SAWE system overcomes these limitations by using a passive design that enables continuous water production without maintenance. The system's performance was evaluated in controlled environments and in real-world conditions, demonstrating its effectiveness in producing freshwater under varying RH conditions. The system's global potential was assessed based on solar irradiation and humidity distribution, revealing its feasibility in most areas, particularly in equatorial regions with high humidity and solar irradiance. The system's ability to produce up to 4.6 L m⁻² per day in New Ireland Island highlights its potential for water-scarce regions. The system was also tested for irrigation, successfully growing cabbage plants using atmospheric water, demonstrating its potential for off-grid irrigation. The system's passive design and low maintenance requirements make it a promising solution for addressing the intertwined challenges of energy, water, and food supply in remote and water-scarce regions.A solar-driven atmospheric water extractor (SAWE) system is introduced for off-grid freshwater generation and irrigation. This system operates passively, continuously producing freshwater under sunlight without requiring maintenance. The system utilizes a three-dimensional structure called mass transport bridges (MTBs), which facilitate spontaneous mass transport and efficient energy utilization. Under 1-sun illumination at 90% relative humidity (RH), the system produces 0.65 L m⁻² h⁻¹ of freshwater and functions in arid environments with RH as low as 40%. A scaled-up version of the system was tested in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, over 35 days across two seasons, producing 2.0–3.0 L m⁻² per day during summer and 1.0–2.8 L m⁻² per day during fall. The system was used for off-grid irrigation, successfully growing cabbage plants using atmospheric water. The system's passive design allows it to operate continuously without labor-intensive maintenance, making it suitable for remote and water-scarce regions.
Freshwater scarcity is a global challenge, affecting 2.2 billion people. This issue is exacerbated by climate change and population growth, with agriculture and power generation being the primary users of freshwater. SAWE systems use hygroscopic sorbents to capture moisture from the environment, but traditional systems are limited by slow sorbent kinetics, allowing only one sorption-desorption cycle per day. To overcome this, systems with rapid kinetics and multicycle capabilities have been developed, but these are limited by high costs and scalability challenges. The proposed SAWE system overcomes these limitations by using a passive design that enables continuous water production without maintenance. The system's performance was evaluated in controlled environments and in real-world conditions, demonstrating its effectiveness in producing freshwater under varying RH conditions. The system's global potential was assessed based on solar irradiation and humidity distribution, revealing its feasibility in most areas, particularly in equatorial regions with high humidity and solar irradiance. The system's ability to produce up to 4.6 L m⁻² per day in New Ireland Island highlights its potential for water-scarce regions. The system was also tested for irrigation, successfully growing cabbage plants using atmospheric water, demonstrating its potential for off-grid irrigation. The system's passive design and low maintenance requirements make it a promising solution for addressing the intertwined challenges of energy, water, and food supply in remote and water-scarce regions.