A solar-driven atmospheric water extractor for off-grid freshwater generation and irrigation

A solar-driven atmospheric water extractor for off-grid freshwater generation and irrigation

24 July 2024 | Kaijie Yang, Tingting Pan, Nadia Ferhat, Alejandra Ibarra Felix, Rebekah E. Waller, Pei-Ying Hong, Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder, Qiaqiang Gan, Yu Han
This article presents a solar-driven atmospheric water extractor (SAWE) system designed for decentralized freshwater supply, particularly in off-grid and water-scarce regions. The system is fully passive, utilizing solar energy to continuously produce freshwater without the need for complex design requirements or manual operations. By optimizing the three-dimensional architecture of the mass transport bridges (MTBs) structure, the system can consistently produce 0.651 L·m⁻² h⁻¹ of freshwater under 1-sun illumination at 90% relative humidity (RH) and functions in environments with as low as 40% RH. The system's performance was tested in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, over 35 days across two seasons, producing 2.0–3.0 L·m⁻² per day during summer and 1.0–2.8 L·m⁻² per day during fall. The system's potential for off-grid irrigation was demonstrated by successfully growing cabbage plants using atmospheric water. The study highlights the system's advantages in terms of operational simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and global applicability, particularly in equatorial regions with abundant solar irradiation and high humidity. The system's ability to produce freshwater from the air without a bulk water source and minimal maintenance makes it a promising solution for addressing the challenges of energy, water, and food supply, especially in remote and water-scarce areas.This article presents a solar-driven atmospheric water extractor (SAWE) system designed for decentralized freshwater supply, particularly in off-grid and water-scarce regions. The system is fully passive, utilizing solar energy to continuously produce freshwater without the need for complex design requirements or manual operations. By optimizing the three-dimensional architecture of the mass transport bridges (MTBs) structure, the system can consistently produce 0.651 L·m⁻² h⁻¹ of freshwater under 1-sun illumination at 90% relative humidity (RH) and functions in environments with as low as 40% RH. The system's performance was tested in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, over 35 days across two seasons, producing 2.0–3.0 L·m⁻² per day during summer and 1.0–2.8 L·m⁻² per day during fall. The system's potential for off-grid irrigation was demonstrated by successfully growing cabbage plants using atmospheric water. The study highlights the system's advantages in terms of operational simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and global applicability, particularly in equatorial regions with abundant solar irradiation and high humidity. The system's ability to produce freshwater from the air without a bulk water source and minimal maintenance makes it a promising solution for addressing the challenges of energy, water, and food supply, especially in remote and water-scarce areas.
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