The paper presents a synthetic view of the Milky Way's structure and evolution, based on the Besançon model. This model uses population synthesis to interpret data from the Hipparcos mission and recent optical and near-infrared surveys. It provides constraints on the Galaxy's evolution parameters, including the outer bulge, warped and flared disc, thick disc, and spheroid populations. The model is self-consistent, incorporating the Galactic potential and kinematics, and is tuned to produce reliable predictions in the visible and near-infrared. It also includes applications such as photometric and astrometric simulations and a Bayesian classification tool for Virtual Observatories. The model describes the Galaxy's populations, including the thin disc, thick disc, stellar halo, and outer bulge, and incorporates physical constraints from data. The model's parameters are constrained by data, including the IMF, star formation rate, and metallicity distribution. The model also accounts for the Galactic rotation curve and dark matter halo. The model's results are consistent with other studies, including the total mass of the Galaxy and the distribution of its components. The model is used to simulate star counts and analyze the Galaxy's structure and evolution. The model's parameters are adjusted based on data, including the density of interstellar matter and the dark matter halo. The model's results are consistent with other studies, including the total mass of the Galaxy and the distribution of its components. The model is used to simulate star counts and analyze the Galaxy's structure and evolution.The paper presents a synthetic view of the Milky Way's structure and evolution, based on the Besançon model. This model uses population synthesis to interpret data from the Hipparcos mission and recent optical and near-infrared surveys. It provides constraints on the Galaxy's evolution parameters, including the outer bulge, warped and flared disc, thick disc, and spheroid populations. The model is self-consistent, incorporating the Galactic potential and kinematics, and is tuned to produce reliable predictions in the visible and near-infrared. It also includes applications such as photometric and astrometric simulations and a Bayesian classification tool for Virtual Observatories. The model describes the Galaxy's populations, including the thin disc, thick disc, stellar halo, and outer bulge, and incorporates physical constraints from data. The model's parameters are constrained by data, including the IMF, star formation rate, and metallicity distribution. The model also accounts for the Galactic rotation curve and dark matter halo. The model's results are consistent with other studies, including the total mass of the Galaxy and the distribution of its components. The model is used to simulate star counts and analyze the Galaxy's structure and evolution. The model's parameters are adjusted based on data, including the density of interstellar matter and the dark matter halo. The model's results are consistent with other studies, including the total mass of the Galaxy and the distribution of its components. The model is used to simulate star counts and analyze the Galaxy's structure and evolution.