This systematic review examines factors associated with parental burnout (PB) among parents of children aged 0-18 years, using the Ecological Systems Theory (EST). The study identified 26 relevant studies published between 2010 and July 2023. Factors were categorized into microsystem (individual), mesosystem (interpersonal), exosystem (organizational/community), and macrosystem (societal/cultural) levels. Microsystem factors included gender, education, income, personality traits, self-compassion, alexithymia, anxiety, depression, perfectionism, resilience, and attachment styles. Mesosystem factors involved parent-child relationships and marital satisfaction. Exosystem factors included the number of children, social support, and child-related issues. Macrosystem factors included personal and cultural values. Parental burnout is linked to various stressors, including high demands on parenting, limited resources, and social pressures. It can lead to negative outcomes for parents, such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse, as well as adverse effects on children, including neglect and aggression. The review highlights the importance of addressing modifiable factors to reduce parental burnout. Factors such as high levels of perfectionism, low self-esteem, and poor social support are associated with increased burnout. Cultural values and individualistic tendencies also play a role in the prevalence of PB. The study recommends that health policymakers and administrators focus on modifiable factors to alleviate parental burnout. These include improving social support, enhancing parental resilience, and addressing socioeconomic disparities. The findings emphasize the need for interventions that consider the complex interplay of individual, interpersonal, organizational, and societal factors in parenting burnout. Future research should explore longitudinal studies and the impact of specific factors on parents of children with special needs. The review underscores the importance of a socio-ecological approach in understanding and addressing parental burnout.This systematic review examines factors associated with parental burnout (PB) among parents of children aged 0-18 years, using the Ecological Systems Theory (EST). The study identified 26 relevant studies published between 2010 and July 2023. Factors were categorized into microsystem (individual), mesosystem (interpersonal), exosystem (organizational/community), and macrosystem (societal/cultural) levels. Microsystem factors included gender, education, income, personality traits, self-compassion, alexithymia, anxiety, depression, perfectionism, resilience, and attachment styles. Mesosystem factors involved parent-child relationships and marital satisfaction. Exosystem factors included the number of children, social support, and child-related issues. Macrosystem factors included personal and cultural values. Parental burnout is linked to various stressors, including high demands on parenting, limited resources, and social pressures. It can lead to negative outcomes for parents, such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse, as well as adverse effects on children, including neglect and aggression. The review highlights the importance of addressing modifiable factors to reduce parental burnout. Factors such as high levels of perfectionism, low self-esteem, and poor social support are associated with increased burnout. Cultural values and individualistic tendencies also play a role in the prevalence of PB. The study recommends that health policymakers and administrators focus on modifiable factors to alleviate parental burnout. These include improving social support, enhancing parental resilience, and addressing socioeconomic disparities. The findings emphasize the need for interventions that consider the complex interplay of individual, interpersonal, organizational, and societal factors in parenting burnout. Future research should explore longitudinal studies and the impact of specific factors on parents of children with special needs. The review underscores the importance of a socio-ecological approach in understanding and addressing parental burnout.