This systematic review examines the factors associated with parental burnout (PB) among parents with children aged 0-18 years, using the Ecological Systems Theory (EST). The study was conducted by systematically searching databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, CNKI, and WanFang for articles published from 2010 to July 2023. A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria, and the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs (QATSDD) was used to assess the risk of bias. The review identified several factors associated with PB, categorized into four levels of the ecological system: microsystem-individual factors, mesosystem-interpersonal factors, exosystem-organizational or community factors, and macrosystem-society/policy or culture factors. Microsystem-individual factors include gender, educational level, income, parental personality, internalization of maternal parental motivation, unmitigated communion, self-compassion, concern for others, alexithymia, anxiety, depressive symptoms, parental perfectionism, resilience, low self-esteem, high need for control, and mother’s attachment style. Mesosystem-interpersonal factors involve parent-child relationships and marital satisfaction. Exosystem-organizational or community factors include the number of children, neighborhood, hours spent with children, child’s illness, behavior problems, and social support. Macrosystem-society/policy or culture factors are personal values and cultural values. The review found that while most factors were reported by a single or a few studies, often using cross-sectional designs, these findings still provide valuable insights for healthcare policymakers and administrators to address PB among parents. The study recommends adjusting modifiable factors to reduce PB and improve the well-being of parents and their children.This systematic review examines the factors associated with parental burnout (PB) among parents with children aged 0-18 years, using the Ecological Systems Theory (EST). The study was conducted by systematically searching databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, CNKI, and WanFang for articles published from 2010 to July 2023. A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria, and the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs (QATSDD) was used to assess the risk of bias. The review identified several factors associated with PB, categorized into four levels of the ecological system: microsystem-individual factors, mesosystem-interpersonal factors, exosystem-organizational or community factors, and macrosystem-society/policy or culture factors. Microsystem-individual factors include gender, educational level, income, parental personality, internalization of maternal parental motivation, unmitigated communion, self-compassion, concern for others, alexithymia, anxiety, depressive symptoms, parental perfectionism, resilience, low self-esteem, high need for control, and mother’s attachment style. Mesosystem-interpersonal factors involve parent-child relationships and marital satisfaction. Exosystem-organizational or community factors include the number of children, neighborhood, hours spent with children, child’s illness, behavior problems, and social support. Macrosystem-society/policy or culture factors are personal values and cultural values. The review found that while most factors were reported by a single or a few studies, often using cross-sectional designs, these findings still provide valuable insights for healthcare policymakers and administrators to address PB among parents. The study recommends adjusting modifiable factors to reduce PB and improve the well-being of parents and their children.