Over the past decade, research on ferromagnetism in semiconductors and oxides has advanced significantly, with a focus on dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) and dilute magnetic oxides (DMOs). These materials combine the properties of semiconductors with ferromagnetism, enabling new functionalities in spintronics. Key findings include the observation of ferromagnetism in compounds like (Ga,Mn)As and p-(Cd,Mn)Te, as well as high-temperature ferromagnetism in various non-metallic systems. Theoretical models, such as the p-d Zener model, have been used to explain the origin of ferromagnetism, while experimental studies have revealed the role of spin transport, magnetic anisotropy, and carrier correlations. Despite progress, the origin and control of ferromagnetism in DMSs and DMOs remain controversial. Theoretical and experimental challenges have led to a deeper understanding of the interplay between magnetic properties and material structure. The presence of non-random magnetic ion distributions has been suggested as a key factor in achieving high-temperature ferromagnetism. Recent studies have shown that the Curie temperature (T_C) can be increased by optimizing doping and growth conditions, with some materials approaching room temperature. The field has also seen the development of new materials and structures, such as nanocomposites combining ferromagnetic and semiconductor components. These systems offer potential applications in spintronic devices, magnetic sensors, and photonic applications. Theoretical models continue to be refined, and experimental techniques have improved, allowing for better characterization of magnetic properties at the nanoscale. In summary, the past decade has seen significant advancements in understanding and developing ferromagnetic semiconductors and oxides. These materials hold promise for future technologies, with ongoing research aimed at improving their performance and exploring new applications.Over the past decade, research on ferromagnetism in semiconductors and oxides has advanced significantly, with a focus on dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) and dilute magnetic oxides (DMOs). These materials combine the properties of semiconductors with ferromagnetism, enabling new functionalities in spintronics. Key findings include the observation of ferromagnetism in compounds like (Ga,Mn)As and p-(Cd,Mn)Te, as well as high-temperature ferromagnetism in various non-metallic systems. Theoretical models, such as the p-d Zener model, have been used to explain the origin of ferromagnetism, while experimental studies have revealed the role of spin transport, magnetic anisotropy, and carrier correlations. Despite progress, the origin and control of ferromagnetism in DMSs and DMOs remain controversial. Theoretical and experimental challenges have led to a deeper understanding of the interplay between magnetic properties and material structure. The presence of non-random magnetic ion distributions has been suggested as a key factor in achieving high-temperature ferromagnetism. Recent studies have shown that the Curie temperature (T_C) can be increased by optimizing doping and growth conditions, with some materials approaching room temperature. The field has also seen the development of new materials and structures, such as nanocomposites combining ferromagnetic and semiconductor components. These systems offer potential applications in spintronic devices, magnetic sensors, and photonic applications. Theoretical models continue to be refined, and experimental techniques have improved, allowing for better characterization of magnetic properties at the nanoscale. In summary, the past decade has seen significant advancements in understanding and developing ferromagnetic semiconductors and oxides. These materials hold promise for future technologies, with ongoing research aimed at improving their performance and exploring new applications.