A tunable Kondo effect in quantum dots is demonstrated by controlling the number of electrons on the dot, which switches it between a Kondo impurity and a non-Kondo system. The Kondo temperature can be tuned by adjusting the gate voltage, which influences the single-particle energy state near the Fermi energy. The Kondo effect is observed in quantum dots as a narrow peak in the density-of-states (DOS) at the Fermi energy of the leads, leading to enhanced conductance. In non-equilibrium conditions, the Kondo peak splits into two peaks when a bias voltage is applied, and a magnetic field lifts spin degeneracy, resulting in two peaks in the differential conductance dI/dV at specific voltages. Quantum dots are small devices where the number of electrons can be precisely controlled. The Kondo effect in quantum dots is analogous to the Kondo effect in magnetic impurities, where spin interactions lead to a macroscopically correlated spin-singlet state. The Kondo effect can be studied by tuning the parameters of the system, such as the gate voltage, which controls the energy levels and spin states of the dot. Experiments show that the Kondo temperature can be tuned by adjusting the gate voltage, which brings the single-particle energy level closer to the Fermi energy. The Kondo effect is observed in the differential conductance dI/dV, which shows a peak at zero bias and splits into two peaks under a magnetic field. The Kondo temperature is found to increase as the energy level approaches the Fermi energy, and the width of the dI/dV peak increases with temperature. The study also shows that the Kondo effect can be tuned between even and odd numbers of electrons on the dot, with even numbers leading to non-magnetic states and odd numbers leading to magnetic states. The Kondo effect is observed in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions, and the results are consistent with theoretical predictions. The Kondo effect in quantum dots provides a unique platform to study spin interactions and tune parameters in a controlled manner.A tunable Kondo effect in quantum dots is demonstrated by controlling the number of electrons on the dot, which switches it between a Kondo impurity and a non-Kondo system. The Kondo temperature can be tuned by adjusting the gate voltage, which influences the single-particle energy state near the Fermi energy. The Kondo effect is observed in quantum dots as a narrow peak in the density-of-states (DOS) at the Fermi energy of the leads, leading to enhanced conductance. In non-equilibrium conditions, the Kondo peak splits into two peaks when a bias voltage is applied, and a magnetic field lifts spin degeneracy, resulting in two peaks in the differential conductance dI/dV at specific voltages. Quantum dots are small devices where the number of electrons can be precisely controlled. The Kondo effect in quantum dots is analogous to the Kondo effect in magnetic impurities, where spin interactions lead to a macroscopically correlated spin-singlet state. The Kondo effect can be studied by tuning the parameters of the system, such as the gate voltage, which controls the energy levels and spin states of the dot. Experiments show that the Kondo temperature can be tuned by adjusting the gate voltage, which brings the single-particle energy level closer to the Fermi energy. The Kondo effect is observed in the differential conductance dI/dV, which shows a peak at zero bias and splits into two peaks under a magnetic field. The Kondo temperature is found to increase as the energy level approaches the Fermi energy, and the width of the dI/dV peak increases with temperature. The study also shows that the Kondo effect can be tuned between even and odd numbers of electrons on the dot, with even numbers leading to non-magnetic states and odd numbers leading to magnetic states. The Kondo effect is observed in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions, and the results are consistent with theoretical predictions. The Kondo effect in quantum dots provides a unique platform to study spin interactions and tune parameters in a controlled manner.